论文标题
用于旋转颗粒的量子理论的重建
A reconstruction of quantum theory for spinning particles
论文作者
论文摘要
作为量子理论概率重建（QT）的概率重建的一部分，我们表明自旋不是纯粹的量子机械现象，正如长期以来所假定的那样。相反，这种现象发生在向QT的过渡发生之前，即在准经典（这里是更好的准量子）理论的领域。可以通过更换$ p \ rightarrow m（q，t）$在我们重建的框架内到达古典物理和QT之间的边界，其中$ p $是粒子的动量变量，$ m（q，t）$是配置空间中的动量场。旋转的发生及其特殊值$ 1/2 $是$ M（Q，T）$的结果，即单个粒子，必须完全具有三个独立的组件$ m_ {k}（q，t）$，因为空间的三维空间。在“旋转零粒子”的Schrödinger方程中，动量场通常表示为单个函数$ s $的梯度。这意味着组件之间的依赖项$ m_ {k}（q，t）$，而不存在任何解释。实际上，$ m（q，t）$需要由三个功能代表，其中两个是旋转的自由度。后者是旋转的存在。因此，自然界中的所有大型无结构颗粒都必须是旋转一半的粒子，仅仅是因为它们必须用$ 4 $的真实领域来描述，其中一个具有概率密度的物理含义，而其他三个则需要在三维空间中表示动量场。我们得出Pauli-Schrödinger方程，正确的值$ g = 2 $的Gyromagnetic比率，Pauli-Schrödinger方程的经典限制，并阐明了古典物理学和QT之间的边境地区其他一些开放问题。
As part of a probabilistic reconstruction of quantum theory (QT), we show that spin is not a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon, as has long been assumed. Rather, this phenomenon occurs before the transition to QT takes place, namely in the area of the quasi-classical (here better quasi-quantum) theory. This borderland between classical physics and QT can be reached within the framework of our reconstruction by the replacement $p \rightarrow M (q, t)$, where $p$ is the momentum variable of the particle and $M(q, t)$ is the momentum field in configuration space. The occurrence of spin, and its special value $1/2$ , is a consequence of the fact that $M(q,t)$ must have exactly three independent components $M_{k}(q,t)$ for a single particle because of the three-dimensionality of space. In the Schrödinger equation for a "particle with spin zero", the momentum field is usually represented as a gradient of a single function $S$. This implies dependencies between the components $M_{k}(q,t)$ for which no explanation exists. In reality, $M(q,t)$ needs to be represented by three functions, two of which are rotational degrees of freedom. The latter are responsible for the existence of spin. All massive structureless particles in nature must therefore be spin-one-half particles, simply because they have to be described by $4$ real fields, one of which has the physical meaning of a probability density, while the other three are required to represent the momentum field in three-dimensional space. We derive the Pauli-Schrödinger equation, the correct value $g=2$ of the gyromagnetic ratio, the classical limit of the Pauli-Schrödinger equation, and clarify some other open questions in the borderland between classical physics and QT.
