论文标题
具有连续迁移的两岛系统中的多样性模式和物种形成过程
Diversity patterns and speciation processes in a two-island system with continuous migration
论文作者
论文摘要
地理隔离是一种核心物种机制,但人口的完美隔离很少见。尽管如果基因流量很大,则可以阻碍物种形成,但是中等水平的迁移水平可以通过在半分离的人群中引入遗传新颖性或建立小型移民社区来增强物种形成。在这里,我们考虑了一个具有连续迁移和研究多样性模式的两个岛屿中性形成模型,这是迁移概率,人口大小和涉及生殖分离的基因数量的函数(称为基因组大小)。对于小基因组,低水平的迁移诱导群岛的物种形成,原本不会发生。然而,随着迁移概率的增加,多样性急剧下降到居住在两个岛屿上的单个物种。对于大基因组,即使岛屿严格隔离,也会发生同胞形成。然后,每个岛的物种丰富度随迁移的可能性而增加,但是物种总数随着国际化的变化而减少。对于每个基因组大小,每个种群大小都有最大化物种数量的最佳迁移强度。我们讨论了观察到的形成模式是由迁移引起的,以及它们如何增加岛屿系统中的物种丰富度,同时促进岛屿之间的不对称性和阻碍的原义。
Geographic isolation is a central mechanism of speciation, but perfect isolation of populations is rare. Although speciation can be hindered if gene flow is large, intermediate levels of migration can enhance speciation by introducing genetic novelty in the semi-isolated populations or founding small communities of migrants. Here we consider a two island neutral model of speciation with continuous migration and study diversity patterns as a function of the migration probability, population size, and number of genes involved in reproductive isolation (dubbed as genome size). For small genomes, low levels of migration induce speciation on the islands that otherwise would not occur. Diversity, however, drops sharply to a single species inhabiting both islands as the migration probability increases. For large genomes, sympatric speciation occurs even when the islands are strictly isolated. Then species richness per island increases with the probability of migration, but the total number of species decreases as they become cosmopolitan. For each genome size, there is an optimal migration intensity for each population size that maximizes the number of species. We discuss the observed modes of speciation induced by migration and how they increase species richness in the insular system while promoting asymmetry between the islands and hindering endemism.