论文标题

嘈杂评估的全球设计优化问题的多保真主动学习方法

A Multi-Fidelity Active Learning Method for Global Design Optimization Problems with Noisy Evaluations

论文作者

Pellegrini, Riccardo, Wackers, Jeroen, Broglia, Riccardo, Serani, Andrea, Visonneau, Michel, Diez, Matteo

论文摘要

提出了一种多保真(MF)主动学习方法,用于设计优化问题,其特征是对性能指标的嘈杂评估。也就是说,广义的MF替代模型用于设计空间探索,利用任意数量的层次保真度级别,即来自不同模型,求解器或离散化的性能评估,其特征是不同的精度。该方法旨在准确预测设计性能,同时减少模拟驱动设计(SDD)所需的计算工作,以实现全局最佳。总体MF预测被评估为经过低保真训练的替代物,该替代物与连续保真度水平之间错误的替代物进行了校正。替代物基于随机径向基函数(SRBF),具有最小二乘回归和对超参数的环内优化,以处理嘈杂的训练数据。该方法适应了新的培训数据,通过主动学习方法选择了设计点和所需的保真度级别。这是基于较低的置信边界方法,该方法结合了性能预测和相关的不确定性,以选择最有前途的设计区域。考虑到与培训中使用相关的福利成本比率,选择了保真度水平。使用四个分析测试和三个基于计算流体动力学模拟的SDD问题评估和讨论该方法的性能,即NACA氢化器的形状优化,DTMB 5415驱逐舰以及滚动/滚动乘客渡轮。自适应网格细化和多机分辨率方法都提供了保真度水平。在功能评估预算有限的假设下,与仅受高保真评估训练的模型相比,提出的MF方法显示出更好的性能。

A multi-fidelity (MF) active learning method is presented for design optimization problems characterized by noisy evaluations of the performance metrics. Namely, a generalized MF surrogate model is used for design-space exploration, exploiting an arbitrary number of hierarchical fidelity levels, i.e., performance evaluations coming from different models, solvers, or discretizations, characterized by different accuracy. The method is intended to accurately predict the design performance while reducing the computational effort required by simulation-driven design (SDD) to achieve the global optimum. The overall MF prediction is evaluated as a low-fidelity trained surrogate corrected with the surrogates of the errors between consecutive fidelity levels. Surrogates are based on stochastic radial basis functions (SRBF) with least squares regression and in-the-loop optimization of hyperparameters to deal with noisy training data. The method adaptively queries new training data, selecting both the design points and the required fidelity level via an active learning approach. This is based on the lower confidence bounding method, which combines performance prediction and associated uncertainty to select the most promising design regions. The fidelity levels are selected considering the benefit-cost ratio associated with their use in the training. The method's performance is assessed and discussed using four analytical tests and three SDD problems based on computational fluid dynamics simulations, namely the shape optimization of a NACA hydrofoil, the DTMB 5415 destroyer, and a roll-on/roll-off passenger ferry. Fidelity levels are provided by both adaptive grid refinement and multi-grid resolution approaches. Under the assumption of a limited budget of function evaluations, the proposed MF method shows better performance in comparison with the model trained by high-fidelity evaluations only.

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