论文标题
探索高红移黑洞形成的前景，具有多波带重力波观测值
Prospects to Explore High-redshift Black Hole Formation with Multi-band Gravitational Waves Observatories
论文作者
论文摘要
在早期宇宙中，大规模黑洞的组装仍然是天体物理学中受限制的开放问题。浅种子的合并和积聚（人口III的残留质量低于$ \ sim \ sim 1000m _ {\ odot} $）或重种子（在质量范围为$ 10^4-10^6 m _ {\ odot} $）都可以解释大量黑洞的形成，但高度的种子和它们的融合机制是富裕的机制。在接下来的几十年中，即将在线的引力波观测站有望观察到非常高的红移合并，从而阐明了第一个黑洞的播种。在这封信中，我们探讨了丽莎，宇宙探险家和爱因斯坦望远镜的潜力和局限性，以限制轻质和重种子的混合比，以及中央黑洞合并星系合并的可能性。由于第三代地面重力波检测器只能观察到轻型种子合并，因此我们演示了两个场景，其中可能限制种子混合物比和合并概率的推断。为了充分表征高红移黑洞形成的过程，可能需要进行多波段重力波观测和电磁观测的协同作用。
The assembly of massive black holes in the early universe remains a poorly constrained open question in astrophysics. The merger and accretion of light seeds (remnants of Population III stars with mass below $\sim 1000M_{\odot}$) or heavy seeds (in the mass range $10^4-10^6 M_{\odot}$) could both explain the formation of massive black holes, but the abundance of seeds and their merging mechanism are highly uncertain. In the next decades, the gravitational-wave observatories coming online are expected to observe very high-redshift mergers, shedding light on the seeding of the first black holes. In this Letter we explore the potential and limitations for LISA, Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope to constrain the mixture ratio of light and heavy seeds as well as the probability that central black holes in merging galaxies merge as well. Since the third generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors will only observe light seed mergers, we demonstrate two scenarios in which the inference of the seed mixture ratio and merging probability can be limited. The synergy of multi-band gravitational-wave observations and electromagnetic observations will likely be necessary in order to fully characterize the process of high-redshift black hole formation.
