与南极望远镜在毫米波长处的小行星测量

论文标题

与南极望远镜在毫米波长处的小行星测量

Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

论文作者

Chichura, P. M., Foster, A., Patel, C., Ossa-Jaen, N., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Archipley, M., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., Balkenhol, L., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Beall, J. A., Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Chiang, H. C., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T-L., Citron, R., Cliche, J. -F., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., Cukierman, A., Daley, C. M., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gallicchio, J., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., George, E. M., Goeckner-Wald, N., Gualtieri, R., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Guyser, R., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Li, D., Lowitz, A., Lu, C., Marrone, D. P., McMahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Mocanu, L. M., Montgomery, J., Moran, C. Corbett, Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Patil, S., Pearson, J., Phadke, K. A., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Pryke, C., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Springmann, A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Tandoi, C., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., Young, M. R.

论文摘要

我们介绍了来自南极望远镜（SPT）的毫米波长（MM）数据中小行星的首次测量，该数据主要用于研究宇宙微波背景（CMB）。我们分析了两个$ \ sim270 $ deg $^2 $天空区域附近的地图，每个地图都在一个月内使用SPTPOL摄像机$ \ sim100 $乘以观察到。我们减去给定场的所有图的平均值，消除静态天空信号，然后在已知的小行星位置平均均值提取的地图。我们检测到三个小行星$ \ text { - } $（324）bamberga，（13）Egeria和（22）Kalliope $ \ text { - } $，分别为11.2、10.4和6.1，分别为2.0 mm（150 GHz），分别为11.2、10.4和6.1；我们还检测到（324）Bamberga，S/N为4.1时为3.2 mm（95 GHz）。我们对这些小行星的有效发射，亮度温度和光曲线调节幅度放置约束。我们对（324）Bamberga和（13）Egeria的通量密度测量大致与预测一致，而我们对（22）kalliope的测量结果表明较低的通量，对应于2.0毫米的有效发射率$ 0.66 \ pm 0.11 $ 0.11 $，在2.0毫米和$ <0.47 $ 3.2mm $ $ <0.47 $。我们预测在其他SPT数据集中可检测到的小行星，并在最新数据中找到了（772）Tanete和（1093）Freda的良好一致性，该数据来自SPT-3G摄像机，该数据具有$ \ sim10 \ times $ sptpol的映射速度。这项工作是对CMB调查数据中小行星的首次重点分析，它表明我们可以重新利用历史和未来的小行星研究数据集。未来的SPT测量可以帮助限制较大的小行星种群中表面特性的分布。

We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength (mm) data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two $\sim270$ deg$^2$ sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera $\sim100$ times over one month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids$\text{ -- }$(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope$\text{ -- }$with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids' effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of $0.66 \pm 0.11$ at 2.0 mm and $<0.47$ at 3.2mm. We predict the asteroids detectable in other SPT datasets and find good agreement with detections of (772) Tanete and (1093) Freda in recent data from the SPT-3G camera, which has $\sim10 \times$ the mapping speed of SPTpol. This work is the first focused analysis of asteroids in data from CMB surveys, and it demonstrates we can repurpose historic and future datasets for asteroid studies. Future SPT measurements can help constrain the distribution of surface properties over a larger asteroid population.

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