论文标题

局部抗植物响应如何不平衡岩纸仪模型

How local antipredator response unbalances the rock-paper-scissors model

论文作者

Menezes, J., Batista, S., Tenorio, M., Triaca, E. A., Moura, B.

论文摘要

抗植物行为是许多生物系统中存在的一种自我保护策略,在该策略中,个人加入了集体反应,以避免被接近的捕食者抓住。我们研究了一个非等级的粮食系统,其捕食者互动是由岩纸剪辑器游戏规则描述的。我们进行了一组空间随机模拟,其中一个物种中一个的生物可以在集体策略中抵抗捕食。捕食能力的下降是局部的,这意味着每个捕食者都会根据周围的猎物组大小面对一个特定的对立。考虑到捕食者作用的干扰取决于猎物的身体和认知能力,我们探索了调节因子的作用,该调节因子表明该物种可易于执行抗逆客策略的比例。由于循环捕食者 - 捕食者相互作用的局部不平衡,已偏离的空间结构域主要占据了一个物种。与具有弱物种的岩石纸剪裁模型不同,由于非本地原因,我们的发现表明,如果一个物种的捕食概率会降低,因为个人面对局部抗植物的反应,则该物种不会占主导。取而代之的是,岩纸仪模型的局部不平衡导致弱物种猎物的流行。最后,结果表明,当地的不平衡可能会危害生物多样性,而同存对高流动性的威胁更大。

Antipredator behaviour is a self-preservation strategy present in many biological systems, where individuals join the effort in a collective reaction to avoid being caught by an approaching predator. We study a nonhierarchical tritrophic system, whose predator-prey interactions are described by the rock-paper-scissors game rules. We performed a set of spatial stochastic simulations where organisms of one out of the species can resist predation in a collective strategy. The drop in predation capacity is local, which means that each predator faces a particular opposition depending on the prey group size surrounding it. Considering that the interference in a predator action depends on the prey's physical and cognitive ability, we explore the role of a conditioning factor that indicates the fraction of the species apt to perform the antipredator strategy. Because of the local unbalancing of the cyclic predator-prey interactions, departed spatial domains mainly occupied by a single species emerge. Unlike the rock-paper-scissors model with a weak species because a nonlocal reason, our findings show that if the predation probability of one species is reduced because individuals face local antipredator response, the species does not predominate. Instead, the local unbalancing of the rock-paper-scissors model results in the prevalence of the weak species' prey. Finally, the outcomes show that local unevenness may jeopardise biodiversity, with the coexistence being more threatened for high mobility.

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