通过天体微蛋白检测到的孤立恒星质量黑洞

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通过天体微蛋白检测到的孤立恒星质量黑洞

An Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Hole Detected Through Astrometric Microlensing

论文作者

Sahu, Kailash C., Anderson, Jay, Casertano, Stefano, Bond, Howard E., Udalski, Andrzej, Dominik, Martin, Calamida, Annalisa, Bellini, Andrea, Brown, Thomas M., Rejkuba, Marina, Bajaj, Varun, Kains, Noe, Ferguson, Henry C., Fryer, Chris L., Yock, Philip, Mroz, Przemek, Kozlowski, Szymon, Pietrukowicz, Pawel, Poleski, Radek, Skowron, Jan, Soszynski, Igor, Szymanski, Michael K., Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Wyrzykowski, Lukasz, Barry, Richard, Bennett, David P., Bond, Ian A., Hirao, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Kondo, Iona, Koshimoto, Naoki, Ranc, Clement, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Sumi, Takahiro, Suzuki, Daisuke, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe, Marquette, Jean-Baptiste, Cole, Andrew, Fouque, Pascal, Hill, Kym, Dieters, Stefan, Coutures, Christian, Dominis-Prester, Dijana, Bennett, Clara, Bachelet, Etienne, Menzies, John, Alb-row, Michael, Pollard, Karen, Gould, Andrew, Yee, Jennifer, Allen, William, de Almeida, Leonardo Andrade, Christie, Grant, Drummond, John, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gorbikov, Evgeny, Jablonski, Francisco, Lee, Chung-Uk, Maoz, Dan, Manulis, Ilan, McCormick, Jennie, Natusch, Tim, Pogge, Richard W., Shvartzvald, Yossi, Jorgensen, Uffe G., Alsubai, Khalid A., Andersen, Michael I., Bozza, Valerio, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Burgdorf, Martin, Hinse, Tobias C., Hundertmark, Markus, Husser, Tim-Oliver, Kerins, Eamonn, Longa-Pena, Penelope, Mancini, Luigi, Penny, Matthew, Rahvar, Sohrab, Ricci, Davide, Sajadian, Sedighe, Skottfelt, Jesper, Snodgrass, Colin, Southworth, John, Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy, Wambsganss, Joachim, Wertz, Olivier, Tsapras, Yiannis, Street, Rachel A., Bramich, Daniel M., Horne, Keith, Steele, Iain A.

论文摘要

我们报告了第一次明确检测和质量测量，对孤立的恒星质量黑洞（BH）进行了质量测量。我们使用Hubble空间望远镜（HST）进行了长期源星的精确星形统计（T_E〜270天），高量化的微透明事件MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-2011-BLG-0462（以下称为MOA-111-191/OGLE-111-11-11-11-462）。 HST成像在六年的时间间隔八个时期进行，揭示了背景恒星明显位置的明显相对论的星体偏转。 MOA-11-11-191/OGLE-11-462的地面光度法显示了地球运动对微透镜光曲线的影响的视差签名。将HST天文统计与地面光曲线和衍生视差相结合，我们获得的镜头质量为7.1 +/- 1.3 MSUN，距离为1.58 +/- 0.18 kpc。我们表明，镜头没有发出可检测的光，并且质量比白矮人或中子星的质量高，也证实了其BH的性质。我们的分析还为BH提供了绝对适当的运动。适当的运动远离了在类似距离的银河盘恒星的平均运动中，横向空间速度的量〜45 km/s，这表明BH从其超新星爆炸中获得了“自然踢”。先前对恒星质量BHS的质量确定来自银河系X射线二进制的径向速度测量，以及通过在外部星系中二进制系统中合并BHS发出的重力辐射。我们的质量测量是使用任何技术的第一个用于孤立的恒星质量BH。

We report the first unambiguous detection and mass measurement of an isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH). We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out precise astrometry of the source star of the long-duration (t_E~270 days), high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 (hereafter designated as MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462), in the direction of the Galactic bulge. HST imaging, conducted at eight epochs over an interval of six years, reveals a clear relativistic astrometric deflection of the background star's apparent position. Ground-based photometry of MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462 shows a parallactic signature of the effect of the Earth's motion on the microlensing light curve. Combining the HST astrometry with the ground-based light curve and the derived parallax, we obtain a lens mass of 7.1 +/- 1.3 Msun and a distance of 1.58 +/- 0.18 kpc. We show that the lens emits no detectable light, which, along with having a mass higher than is possible for a white dwarf or neutron star, confirms its BH nature. Our analysis also provides an absolute proper motion for the BH. The proper motion is offset from the mean motion of Galactic-disk stars at similar distances by an amount corresponding to a transverse space velocity of ~45 km/s, suggesting that the BH received a 'natal kick' from its supernova explosion. Previous mass determinations for stellar-mass BHs have come from radial-velocity measurements of Galactic X-ray binaries, and from gravitational radiation emitted by merging BHs in binary systems in external galaxies. Our mass measurement is the first for an isolated stellar-mass BH using any technique.

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