论文标题
带负质量粒子的量子现实
Quantum reality with negative-mass particles
论文作者
论文摘要
由于Aharonov，Bergmann和Lebowitz，通过弱价值讨论了量子力学的时间对称表述的物理解释。最直接，但有些天真的解释使用时间对称公式将特征值分配给系统的未测量，从而导致逻辑悖论，没有明确的物理图片。引入了自上而下的本体论模型，该模型将观察物的弱价值视为在选择前和选择后（PPS）之间的物理上是真实的，从而避免了这些悖论。量子系统的一般离域的等级-1投影仪描述了其基本本体论元素，与单个局部对象相对应的最高级别的投影仪描述了出现的粒子模型，其质量和能量可能为负或虚构。该倒流自上而下的模型导致了基于直观的粒子本体论图片，其中弱测量值直接探测这些外来颗粒的特性，无论是否实际测量它们是否存在
Physical interpretations of the time-symmetric formulation of quantum mechanics, due to Aharonov, Bergmann, and Lebowitz are discussed in terms of weak values. The most direct, yet somewhat naive, interpretation uses the time-symmetric formulation to assign eigenvalues to unmeasured observables of a system, which results in logical paradoxes, and no clear physical picture. A top-down ontological model is introduced that treats the weak values of observables as physically real during the time between pre- and post-selection (PPS), which avoids these paradoxes. The generally delocalized rank-1 projectors of a quantum system describe its fundamental ontological elements, and the highest-rank projectors corresponding to individual localized objects describe an emergent particle model, with unusual particles whose masses and energies may be negative or imaginary. This retrocausal top-down model leads to an intuitive particle-based ontological picture, wherein weak measurements directly probe the properties of these exotic particles, which exist whether or not they are actually measured
