论文标题

紫外线光谱不确定性对陆地气氛化学的影响

Effects of UV stellar spectral uncertainty on the chemistry of terrestrial atmospheres

论文作者

Teal, D. J., Kempton, Eliza M. -R., Bastelberger, Sandra, Youngblood, Allison, Arney, Giada

论文摘要

JWST的即将到来的部署将极大地提高我们表征外球星氛围的能力,无论是精确性和对较小和较酷的行星的敏感性而言。不平衡化学过程主导着这些凉爽的气氛,需要对这种环境进行准确的光化学建模。宿主星的紫外线频谱是这些模型的关键输入,但是大多数系外行星宿主都缺乏UV观测值。对于不可用的主机紫外线频谱的情况,将需要使用重建或代理频谱。在这项研究中,我们使用肌肉目录和紫外线缩放关系来了解重建的宿主星光谱如何使用实际的紫外线观测来繁殖光化学建模的大气。我们专注于两种情况;现代地球的大气层和形成大量碳氢化合物危险的大将来的地球般的大气层。我们发现,现代地球状的环境通过紫外线重建得到了很好的生产,而朦胧的(Archean Earth)气氛在可观察水平的变化中遭受变化。具体而言,恒星紫外线发射线和紫外线连续体都显着影响我们建模的天使大气中的化学状态和雾霾产生,从而导致其透射光谱的可观察到差异。我们的建模结果表明,需要对单个系外行星宿主星的紫外线观测来准确表征和预测朦胧的陆地气氛的传输光谱。在没有紫外线数据的情况下,考虑到紫外线排放线和连续体的重建光谱是下一个最佳选择,尽管以建模精度为代价。

The upcoming deployment of JWST will dramatically advance our ability to characterize exoplanet atmospheres, both in terms of precision and sensitivity to smaller and cooler planets. Disequilibrium chemical processes dominate these cooler atmospheres, requiring accurate photochemical modeling of such environments. The host star's UV spectrum is a critical input to these models, but most exoplanet hosts lack UV observations. For cases in which the host UV spectrum is unavailable, a reconstructed or proxy spectrum will need to be used in its place. In this study, we use the MUSCLES catalog and UV line scaling relations to understand how well reconstructed host star spectra reproduce photochemically modeled atmospheres using real UV observations. We focus on two cases; a modern Earth-like atmosphere and an Archean Earth-like atmosphere that forms copious hydrocarbon hazes. We find that modern Earth-like environments are well-reproduced with UV reconstructions, whereas hazy (Archean Earth) atmospheres suffer from changes at the observable level. Specifically, both the stellar UV emission lines and the UV continuum significantly influence the chemical state and haze production in our modeled Archean atmospheres, resulting in observable differences in their transmission spectra. Our modeling results indicate that UV observations of individual exoplanet host stars are needed to accurately characterize and predict the transmission spectra of hazy terrestrial atmospheres. In the absence of UV data, reconstructed spectra that account for both UV emission lines and continuum are the next best option, albeit at the cost of modeling accuracy.

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