论文标题
通过广义测量产生涡流颗粒
Generation of vortex particles via generalized measurements
论文作者
论文摘要
硬X射线扭曲的光子和相对论的巨大颗粒具有轨道角动量 - 涡流电子,MUON,质子等 - 在高能量和核物理学中具有许多潜在的应用。但是,到目前为止,可以通过衍射技术获得此类状态,不适用于相对论能量。在这里,我们表明,可以简单地通过更改后分类方案来生成不同颗粒的涡流状态,包括Hadron,离子和核,包括两个最终粒子。由于纠缠和不确定性关系,如果用较大的不确定性测量另一个粒子的动量方位角,则最终粒子的进化状态会扭曲。我们提供了几个示例,包括Cherenkov和Unduber辐射,粒子碰撞与激光束,$Eμ\至Eμ,EP \至EP $。该技术可以适用于线性相撞器的超层次的Lepton和强子束,并且还可以促进在存储环和自由电子激光器下X射线和$γ$ range Twisted光子的源的发展。
The hard X-ray twisted photons and relativistic massive particles with orbital angular momentum -- vortex electrons, muons, protons, etc. -- have many potential applications in high-energy and nuclear physics. However, such states can be obtained so far mainly via diffraction techniques, not applicable for relativistic energies. Here we show that the vortex states of different particles, including hadrons, ions, and nuclei, can be generated in a large class of processes with two final particles simply by altering a postselection protocol. Thanks to entanglement and to the uncertainty relations, an evolved state of a final particle becomes twisted if the momentum azimuthal angle of the other particle is measured with a large uncertainty. We give several examples, including Cherenkov and undulator radiation, particle collisions with intense laser beams, $eμ\to eμ, ep \to ep$. This technique can be adapted for ultrarelativistic lepton and hadron beams of linear colliders, and it can also facilitate the development of sources of X-ray and $γ$-range twisted photons at storage rings and free-electron lasers.