论文标题

针对相互依存风险的合作安全

Cooperative Security Against Interdependent Risks

论文作者

Gopalakrishnan, Sanjith, Sankaranarayanan, Sriram

论文摘要

组织间网络中的公司(例如供应链或战略联盟)面临相互依存的风险。这些风险可以在合作伙伴公司之间转移。他们可以将公司从其自身的业务和从其合作伙伴转移的外部风险中面临的内在风险分解。公司可以广泛地使用两种安全策略:通过确保与合作伙伴的联系,可以独立消除内在和外在风险,或者,公司可以与合作伙伴合作,以消除网络中内在风险的来源。我们开发了一个相互依赖安全性的图理论模型,并证明可以在多项式时间内计算网络最佳的安全策略。然后,我们使用合作游戏理论工具来检查企业是否以及何时可以通过成本分担机制来维持网络最佳的安全策略,这些机制通过一系列双边成本分布安排稳定,公平,可计算和可实现。我们考虑了网络中不同的信息假设,并表明,当玩家只知道自己的成本时,公司就有明确的动机在全球范围内进行合作,而在存在公共信息的情况下,可能没有可以维持网络范围内合作的成本共享机制。然后,我们设计了一种新颖的成本分担机制:易于计算,双边实现,可确保稳定性的愉快分配,从定义明确的意义上是公平的。但是,令人愉快的分配并不总是存在。然后,我们概括了可愉快的分配水平,具有较弱的可实施性属性,但存在更大的保证。

Firms in inter-organizational networks such as supply chains or strategic alliances are exposed to interdependent risks. These are risks that are transferable across partner firms. They can be decomposed into intrinsic risks a firm faces from its own operations and extrinsic risks transferred from its partners. Firms broadly have access to two security strategies: either they can independently eliminate both intrinsic and extrinsic risks by securing their links with partners, or alternatively, firms can cooperate with partners to eliminate sources of intrinsic risk in the network. We develop a graph-theoretic model of interdependent security and demonstrate that the network-optimal security strategy can be computed in polynomial time. Then, we use cooperative game-theoretic tools to examine whether and when firms can sustain the network-optimal security strategy via cost-sharing mechanisms that are stable, fair, computable, and implementable via a series of bilateral cost-sharing arrangements. We consider different informational assumptions in the network and show that, when the players know only their own costs, firms have a clear incentive to cooperate globally whereas, in the presence of public information, there may not exist cost-sharing mechanisms that can sustain network-wide cooperation. We then design a novel cost-sharing mechanism: the agreeable allocation, that is easy to compute, bilaterally implementable, ensures stability, and is fair in a well-defined sense. However, the agreeable allocation need not always exist. We then generalize levels of agreeable allocation, with weaker implementability properties but greater existence guarantees.

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