论文标题

底部重蠕动的旋转簇形成

Gyrotactic cluster formation of bottom-heavy squirmers

论文作者

Rühle, Felix, Zantop, Arne W., Stark, Holger

论文摘要

底部较重的蠕动者会经历一种扭矩,使它们沿着垂直方向对齐,从而使它们向上游动。在许多蠕动者的悬架中,它们还通过流动运动和重力引发的流动场相互作用。在流场涡度和引力扭矩的综合作用下游泳称为陀螺仪。使用多粒子碰撞动力学的方法,我们对漂浮在底部表面上方的多方形系统进行流体动力模拟。由于陀螺仪,它们表现出明显的簇形成,并随着重力扭矩的增加而表现出来。簇在低值时更挥发,但在较大的扭矩下压缩到较小的簇。簇之间的平均距离主要由重力扭矩而不是全局密度控制。此外,我们观察到中性蠕动者更容易形成簇,而由于其额外的力 - 偶极流动场,拉普勒需要更大的重力扭矩。我们没有观察到推动器蠕动的聚类。在蠕动的流场中添加一个旋转偶极子会诱导旋转簇。在高引力强度下,与无滑动边界的流体动力相互作用为中性蠕动者创造了额外的垂直比对,这也支持簇的形成。

Squirmers that are bottom-heavy experience a torque that aligns them along the vertical so that they swim upwards. In a suspension of many squirmers, they also interact hydrodynamically via flow fields that are initiated by their swimming motion and by gravity. Swimming under the combined action of flow field vorticity and gravitational torque is called gyrotaxis. Using the method of multi-particle collision dynamics, we perform hydrodynamic simulations of a many-squirmer system floating above the bottom surface. Due to gyrotaxis they exhibit pronounced cluster formation with increasing gravitational torque. The clusters are more volatile at low values but compactify to smaller clusters at larger torques. The mean distance between clusters is mainly controlled by the gravitational torque and not the global density. Furthermore, we observe that neutral squirmers form clusters more easily, whereas pullers require larger gravitational torques due to their additional force-dipole flow fields. We do not observe clustering for pusher squirmers. Adding a rotlet dipole to the squirmer flow field induces swirling clusters. At high gravitational strengths, the hydrodynamic interactions with the no-slip boundary create an additional vertical alignment for neutral squirmers, which also supports cluster formation.

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