论文标题

开发用于基于性能的太阳阴影设计的混合机器学习和优化工具

Development of a hybrid machine-learning and optimization tool for performance-based solar shading design

论文作者

Daneshi, Maryam, Fard, Reza Taghavi, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Tahsildoost, Mohammad

论文摘要

在早期设计阶段,应针对所需的室内环境质量(IEQ)进行太阳阴影设计。该领域可能非常具有挑战性,耗时还需要专家,精致的软件和大量资金。这项研究的主要目的是设计一种简单的工具,以研究各种太阳阴影模型,并使决策在早期阶段更加轻松,更快。数据库生成方法,人工智能和优化已被用来实现此目标。该工具包括1的两个主要部分。预测用户选择的模型的性能以及提出有效参数和2个。向用户提出最佳预备模型。在这方面,最初对具有可变参数的侧光鞋盒模型进行了参数建模,并将五个带有变量的常见太阳阴影模型应用于空间。对于每个太阳阴影和状态而没有阴影,模拟了与日光和眩光,视图和初始成本相关的指标。这项研究中生成的数据库包括87912个替代方案和六个计算出的指标,这些指标引入了优化的机器学习模型,包括神经网络,随机Forrest,支持向量回归和K最近的邻居。根据结果​​,最准确和最快的估计模型是随机的福雷斯特,R2_SCORE为0.967至1。然后,进行灵敏度分析以识别每个阴影模型和没有它的状态的最具影响力的参数。该分析区分了最有效的参数,包括窗口方向,WWR,房间宽度,长度和阴影深度。最后,通过使用NSGA II算法优化机器学习模型的估计功能,确定了约7300个最佳模型。开发的工具可以在不到几秒钟的时间内评估各种设计替代方案。

Solar shading design should be done for the desired Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in the early design stages. This field can be very challenging and time-consuming also requires experts, sophisticated software, and a large amount of money. The primary purpose of this research is to design a simple tool to study various models of solar shadings and make decisions easier and faster in the early stages. Database generation methods, artificial intelligence, and optimization have been used to achieve this goal. This tool includes two main parts of 1. predicting the performance of the user-selected model along with proposing effective parameters and 2. proposing optimal pre-prepared models to the user. In this regard, initially, a side-lit shoebox model with variable parameters was modeled parametrically, and five common solar shading models with their variables were applied to the space. For each solar shadings and the state without shading, metrics related to daylight and glare, view, and initial costs were simulated. The database generated in this research includes 87912 alternatives and six calculated metrics introduced to optimized machine learning models, including neural network, random Forrest, support vector regression, and k nearest neighbor. According to the results, the most accurate and fastest estimation model was Random Forrest, with an r2_score of 0.967 to 1. Then, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most influential parameters for each shading model and the state without it. This analysis distinguished the most effective parameters, including window orientation, WWR, room width, length, and shading depth. Finally, by optimizing the estimation function of machine learning models with the NSGA II algorithm, about 7300 optimal models were identified. The developed tool can evaluate various design alternatives in less than a few seconds for each.

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