论文标题
LRG野兽:使用NTT/EFOSC2在WASP-94A B大气中的钠吸收和瑞利散射
LRG-BEASTS: sodium absorption and Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of WASP-94A b using NTT/EFOSC2
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了WASP-94A B的光传输光谱,这是这种高度发射的热木星的第一个大气表征。行星的报告半径为$ 1.72^{+0.06} _ { - 0.05} $ r $ _ {\ textrm {jup}} $,质量仅为$ 0.456^{+0.032} _ { - 0.032} _ { - 0.036} $ _ $ _ = $ _ {$ _ { \ pm 75 $K。我们在智利La Silla的ESO新技术望远镜(NTT)上使用EFOSC2仪器进行了光谱的观察:NTT/EFOSC2用于传输光谱法。我们的bin宽度为$ \ sim200 $ Angstrom的平均过渡精度为$ 128 $ ppm。这种高精度是通过将所有波长箱中的高斯工艺超参数连接起来的部分来实现的。所得的传输频谱跨越了3800-7140美元的波长范围,埃斯特罗姆(Angstrom)表现出钠的吸收,其显着性为$4.9σ$,表明相对无云的气氛。钠信号可以扩大,最合适的宽度为$ 78 _ { - 32}^{+67} $ Angstrom,与工具分辨率为$ 27.2 \ pm 0.2 $ 0.2 $ angstrom相反。我们还检测到透射光谱的蓝色末端的陡坡,表明在黄蜂94A b的大气中存在雷利散射。检索模型显示了观察到的超级雷利的证据,并讨论了潜在的原因。最后,我们发现WASP-94A的CAII H&K系列中的狭窄吸收核心,表明该恒星被避开的气体逃脱了热木星。
We present an optical transmission spectrum for WASP-94A b, the first atmospheric characterisation of this highly-inflated hot Jupiter. The planet has a reported radius of $1.72^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$ R$_{\textrm{Jup}}$, a mass of only $0.456^{+0.032}_{-0.036}$ M$_{\textrm{Jup}}$, and an equilibrium temperature of $1508 \pm 75$ K. We observed the planet transit spectroscopically with the EFOSC2 instrument on the ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT) at La Silla, Chile: the first use of NTT/EFOSC2 for transmission spectroscopy. We achieved an average transit-depth precision of $128$ ppm for bin widths of $\sim200$ Angstrom. This high precision was achieved in part by linking Gaussian Process hyperparameters across all wavelength bins. The resulting transmission spectrum, spanning a wavelength range of $3800 - 7140$ Angstrom, exhibits a sodium absorption with a significance of $4.9σ$, suggesting a relatively cloud-free atmosphere. The sodium signal may be broadened, with a best fitting width of $78_{-32}^{+67}$ Angstrom in contrast to the instrumental resolution of $27.2 \pm 0.2$ Angstrom. We also detect a steep slope in the blue end of the transmission spectrum, indicating the presence of Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of WASP-94A b. Retrieval models show evidence for the observed slope to be super-Rayleigh and potential causes are discussed. Finally, we find narrow absorption cores in the CaII H&K lines of WASP-94A, suggesting the star is enshrouded in gas escaping the hot Jupiter.