论文标题

银河核中中间质量黑洞的形成

The Formation of Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei

论文作者

Rose, Sanaea C., Naoz, Smadar, Sari, Re'em, Linial, Itai

论文摘要

大多数恒星进化模型都预测,黑洞(BHS)不应在$ 50-70 $ m $ _ \ odot $(配对质量间隙的下限)以上存在。然而,最近的Ligo/处女座检测表明,BHS的存在和以上和更高阈值。我们建议,包括中间质量黑洞(IMBH)在内的大量BHS可以通过恒星质量的黑洞和周围的主要序列恒星之间的碰撞在银河核中形成。考虑到诸如碰撞,质量隔离和放松之类的动态过程,我们发现该频道可以非常有效,形成IMBHS的庞大,如$ 10^4 $ m $ _ \ odot $。该上限假设(1)BHS积聚在每次碰撞过程中捕获的恒星质量的很大一部分,以及(2)将新恒星引入SMBH附近区域的速率足以抵消恒星干扰和星星型碰撞的耗尽。我们讨论与文本中这些关键假设的偏差。我们的结果表明,在银河系中心,成对稳定的质量间隙和IMBH中的BHS可能无处不在。该编队通道对观察有影响。恒星和BHS之间的碰撞可以产生电磁特征,例如,来自X射线二进制和潮汐破坏事件。此外,通过该通道形成,质量间隙和IMBH中的两个黑洞都可以通过重力波与银河核心中心的超质量黑洞合并。这些引力波事件是极端和中间质量比的灵感(分别为Emris和Imris)。

Most stellar evolution models predict that black holes (BHs) should not exist above approximately $50-70$ M$_\odot$, the lower limit of the pair-instability mass gap. However, recent LIGO/Virgo detections indicate the existence of BHs with masses at and above this threshold. We suggest that massive BHs, including intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs), can form in galactic nuclei through collisions between stellar-mass black holes and the surrounding main-sequence stars. Considering dynamical processes such as collisions, mass segregation, and relaxation, we find that this channel can be quite efficient, forming IMBHs as massive as $10^4$ M$_\odot$. This upper limit assumes that (1) the BHs accrete a substantial fraction of the stellar mass captured during each collision and (2) that the rate at which new stars are introduced into the region near the SMBH is high enough to offset depletion by stellar disruptions and star-star collisions. We discuss deviations from these key assumptions in the text. Our results suggest that BHs in the pair-instability mass gap and IMBHs may be ubiquitous in galactic centers. This formation channel has implications for observations. Collisions between stars and BHs can produce electromagnetic signatures, for example, from x-ray binaries and tidal disruption events. Additionally, formed through this channel, both black holes in the mass gap and IMBHs can merge with the supermassive black hole at the center of a galactic nucleus through gravitational waves. These gravitational wave events are extreme and intermediate mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs and IMRIs, respectively).

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