论文标题
电动汽车快速充电站系统的动态建模和实时管理
Dynamic Modeling and Real-time Management of a System of EV Fast-charging Stations
论文作者
论文摘要
在过去的十年中,对电动汽车(EV)的需求(EV)稳步增加。但是,世界上大多数地方的快速收费基础设施有限,以支持EV旅行,尤其是长途旅行。这项研究的目的是开发一个随机动态仿真建模框架,该框架是EV快速充电站的区域系统,用于实时管理和战略计划(即产能分配)。为了建模电动汽车用户行为,特别是快速充电站的选择,该框架结合了一个多项式Logit Station选择模型,该模型考虑了充电价格,预期的等待时间和弯路距离。为了捕获每个快速充电站的供求动力学,该框架在模拟中结合了多服务器排队模型。该研究假设多个快速充电站由一个实体管理,并且对这些站点的需求是相互关联的。为了管理电台系统,研究提出并测试了基于车站队列长度的动态需求响应价格调整(DDRPA)方案。该研究将建模框架应用于南加州的EV快速充电站系统。结果表明,DDRPA策略是平衡跨快速充电站需求的有效机制。具体而言,与NO DDRPA计划案例相比,二次DDRPA方案将平均等待时间减少26%,将充电站收入(和用户成本)提高了5.8%,而最重要的是,在基本情况下,社会福利增加了2.7%。此外,该研究还表明,建模框架可以评估EV快速充电站容量的分配,以识别需要其他充电器和区域的站点,这些站点将受益于其他快速充电站。
Demand for electric vehicles (EVs), and thus EV charging, has steadily increased over the last decade. However, there is limited fast-charging infrastructure in most parts of the world to support EV travel, especially long-distance trips. The goal of this study is to develop a stochastic dynamic simulation modeling framework of a regional system of EV fast-charging stations for real-time management and strategic planning (i.e., capacity allocation) purposes. To model EV user behavior, specifically fast-charging station choices, the framework incorporates a multinomial logit station choice model that considers charging prices, expected wait times, and detour distances. To capture the dynamics of supply and demand at each fast-charging station, the framework incorporates a multi-server queueing model in the simulation. The study assumes that multiple fast-charging stations are managed by a single entity and that the demand for these stations are interrelated. To manage the system of stations, the study proposes and tests dynamic demand-responsive price adjustment (DDRPA) schemes based on station queue lengths. The study applies the modeling framework to a system of EV fast-charging stations in Southern California. The results indicate that DDRPA strategies are an effective mechanism to balance charging demand across fast-charging stations. Specifically, compared to the no DDRPA scheme case, the quadratic DDRPA scheme reduces average wait time by 26%, increases charging station revenue (and user costs) by 5.8%, while, most importantly, increasing social welfare by 2.7% in the base scenario. Moreover, the study also illustrates that the modeling framework can evaluate the allocation of EV fast-charging station capacity, to identify stations that require additional chargers and areas that would benefit from additional fast-charging stations.