论文标题
带外带外同步的开槽洛万通信的能源效率
Energy efficiency of slotted LoRaWAN communication with out-of-band synchronization
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管使用无线链接覆盖大区域的想法并不是什么新鲜事物,但LPWANS的出现最近开始更改游戏。简单,健壮,窄带调制方案允许实施具有高接收器灵敏度的低成本无线电设备,从而提高了整体链路预算。属于LPWAN家族的几种技术,包括著名的Lorawan解决方案,为许多Things Internet应用程序(IoT)应用提供了具有成本效益的答案,需要无线通信能够支持许多设备的大型网络(例如,智能计量)。通常,采用的MAC策略基于纯Aloha,除其他外,它允许在无执照的频段的占空比限制下最大程度地降低开销。不幸的是,阿罗哈(Aloha)的可扩展性差,在密集网络中迅速崩溃。这项工作调查了基于开槽的Aloha改进的Lorawan Mac计划的设计。特别是,通过利用FM-RDS广播的波带外通信提供了所需的时间传播。基于低成本硬件的实验设置用于表征可获得的同步性能并得出定时误差模型。因此,在具有多达10000个节点的大型网络中,通过模拟验证了成功概率和能源效率的提高。结果表明,当需要简短的更新时间和较大的有效载荷时,拟议方案的优势比传统的洛拉万通信的优势高达100%。对于提高能源效率的结果,在相对较短的传输间隔和较长消息持续时间内获得了类似的结果。但是,由于听取时间传播消息的额外开销,效率增长对于快速重复的短期消息可能是负面的。
Although the idea of using wireless links for covering large areas is not new, the advent of LPWANs has recently started changing the game. Simple, robust, narrowband modulation schemes permit the implementation of low-cost radio devices offering high receiver sensitivity, thus improving the overall link budget. The several technologies belonging to the LPWAN family, including the well-known LoRaWAN solution, provide a cost-effective answer to many Internet-of-things (IoT) applications, requiring wireless communication capable of supporting large networks of many devices (e.g., smart metering). Generally, the adopted MAC strategy is based on pure ALOHA, which, among other things, allows to minimize the traffic overhead under constrained duty cycle limitations of the unlicensed bands. Unfortunately, ALOHA suffers from poor scalability, rapidly collapsing in dense networks. This work investigates the design of an improved LoRaWAN MAC scheme based on slotted ALOHA. In particular, the required time dissemination is provided by out-of-band communications leveraging on FM-RDS broadcasting. An experimental setup based on low-cost hardware is used to characterize the obtainable synchronization performance and derive a timing error model. Consequently, improvements in success probability and energy efficiency have been validated by means of simulations in very large networks with up to 10000 nodes. It is shown that the advantage of the proposed scheme over conventional LoRaWAN communication is up to 100% when short update time and large payload are required. Similar results are obtained regarding the energy efficiency improvement, which is close to 100% for relatively short transmission intervals and long message duration; however, due to the additional overhead for listening to the time dissemination messages, efficiency gain can be negative for short-duration messages fastly repeating.