论文标题
短期变异性和恒星VI的质量损失。苔丝检测到的$γ$ CAS的频率组
Short-term variability and mass loss in Be stars VI. Frequency groups in $γ$ Cas detected by TESS
论文作者
论文摘要
在SMEI和Brite-Costellation卫星的$γ$ CAS(B0.5 IVE)的光度法中,最近发现了低阶非高度脉动的指示,这将与整个经典BE BE恒星建立重要的共同点。苔丝卫星的新光度法分别检测到1.0($ G1 $),2.4($ g2 $)和5.1($ g3 $)D $^{ - 1} $的三个频率组。某些单独的频率几乎是谐波或组合频率,但并非完全如此。频率组从大约四分之三的经典恒星中得知,也从$β$ CEP,SPB和$γ$ dor恒星的脉动中得知,因此,牢固地将$γ$ CAS作为非拉迪亚脉动器建立。每个频率组的总功率是可变的。一个孤立的功能以7.57 d $^{ - 1} $存在,并且,与频率增加($ g2 $ and g3 $)订购的第二组和第三组中最强的峰值,是所有三个苔丝行业中唯一检测到的峰值。前者的长期0.82 d $^{ - 1} $可变性将降至$ g1 $,并且尚未在很大的水平上返回,从而质疑其归因于旋转调制。低频随机变异性是苔丝光曲线的主要特征,可能是由于内部重力波在核心 - 内螺旋界面上激发的。众所周知,这些在向外运输角度方面是有效的,并且也可能驱动构成$ g1 $和$ g2 $的振荡。 $γ$ CAS的硬X射线通量是将这颗星星与经典BE恒星类别区分开的唯一剩下的主要特性。
In photometry of $γ$ Cas (B0.5 IVe) from the SMEI and BRITE-Constellation satellites, indications of low-order non-radial pulsation have recently been found, which would establish an important commonality with the class of classical Be stars at large. New photometry with the TESS satellite has detected three frequency groups near 1.0 ($g1$), 2.4 ($g2$), and 5.1 ($g3$) d$^{-1}$, respectively. Some individual frequencies are nearly harmonics or combination frequencies but not exactly so. Frequency groups are known from roughly three quarters of all classical Be stars and also from pulsations of $β$ Cep, SPB, and $γ$ Dor stars and, therefore, firmly establish $γ$ Cas as a non-radial pulsator. The total power in each frequency group is variable. An isolated feature exists at 7.57 d$^{-1}$ and, together with the strongest peaks in the second and third groups ordered by increasing frequency ($g2$ and $g3$), is the only one detected in all three TESS sectors. The former long-term 0.82 d$^{-1}$ variability would fall into $g1$ and has not returned at a significant level, questioning its attribution to rotational modulation. Low-frequency stochastic variability is a dominant feature of the TESS light curve, possibly caused by internal gravity waves excited at the core-envelope interface. These are known to be efficient at transporting angular momentum outward, and may also drive the oscillations that constitute $g1$ and $g2$. The hard X-ray flux of $γ$ Cas is the only remaining major property that distinguishes this star from the class of classical Be stars.