论文标题
在多人批准投票中对选民进行建模
Modeling Voters in Multi-Winner Approval Voting
论文作者
论文摘要
在许多现实世界中,集体决定是使用投票做出的,在委员会或董事会选举等情况下,采用了返回多个获奖者的投票规则。在多赢家批准投票(AV)中,代理商提交了一份选票,该投票由他们希望的尽可能多的候选人批准,而获胜者是通过对选票进行批准并选择获得最多批准的顶级$ K $候选人来选择的。在许多情况下,代理商可以操纵他们提交的选票,以通过以不反映其真正偏好的方式进行投票来取得更好的结果。在复杂且不确定的情况下,代理可以使用启发式方法,而不是产生最有利于它们的操作所需的额外努力。在本文中,我们使用从机械TURK获得的行为数据来研究单打和多获奖者批准的投票方案中的投票行为。我们发现人们通常会操纵自己的投票以获得更好的结果,但通常无法确定最佳操纵。在COMSOC和心理学文献中,基于认知上合理的启发式策略中有许多预测模型的代理行为模型。我们表明,现有方法无法充分建模现实世界数据。我们提出了一个新颖的模型,该模型考虑了获胜集和人类认知限制的规模,并证明该模型在捕获多赢家批准投票方案中的现实世界行为方面更有效。
In many real world situations, collective decisions are made using voting and, in scenarios such as committee or board elections, employing voting rules that return multiple winners. In multi-winner approval voting (AV), an agent submits a ballot consisting of approvals for as many candidates as they wish, and winners are chosen by tallying up the votes and choosing the top-$k$ candidates receiving the most approvals. In many scenarios, an agent may manipulate the ballot they submit in order to achieve a better outcome by voting in a way that does not reflect their true preferences. In complex and uncertain situations, agents may use heuristics instead of incurring the additional effort required to compute the manipulation which most favors them. In this paper, we examine voting behavior in single-winner and multi-winner approval voting scenarios with varying degrees of uncertainty using behavioral data obtained from Mechanical Turk. We find that people generally manipulate their vote to obtain a better outcome, but often do not identify the optimal manipulation. There are a number of predictive models of agent behavior in the COMSOC and psychology literature that are based on cognitively plausible heuristic strategies. We show that the existing approaches do not adequately model real-world data. We propose a novel model that takes into account the size of the winning set and human cognitive constraints, and demonstrate that this model is more effective at capturing real-world behaviors in multi-winner approval voting scenarios.