论文标题

UFD和GC在不断发展的银河电位中的轨道演变

The orbital evolution of UFDs and GCs in an evolving Galactic potential

论文作者

Armstrong, Benjamin M., Bekki, Kenji, Ludlow, Aaron D.

论文摘要

我们使用第二个GAIA数据释放来研究以银河系的17个超品种星系(UFDS)和154个球状簇(GC)的运动学,重点介绍了银河电位的静态模型和不断发展的模型之间的差异。不断发展的电势将卫星的轨道相对于其静态等效,尽管与轨道参数上的现有不确定性相比,差异很小。我们发现,UFDBoötesII可能是在银河系周围的第一次通道。根据假定的银河系质量,UFDS三角形II,Hydrus I,Coma Berenices,Draco II和Ursa Major II以及GC Pyxis也可能处于第一个信息上,因此可能有助于限制银河系的质量。我们确定了金属富金属($ {\ rm [fe/h]}> -1.1 $)和金属罚款GCS($ {\ rm [fe/h]} \ leq-1.1 $)之间的明显运动学区别。尽管大多数富含金属的簇主要占据前列轨道,其偏心率低($ e \约0.35 $),并且与银河盘相似的特定角动量和轨道平面相似,但7显示了潜在的逆行轨道,其起源尚不清楚。金属贫穷的簇具有更多样化的轨道,更高的偏心率($ e \ of \ 0.65 $),一半的轨道飞机从光盘中偏移了60至120度。 UFD的$θ$和$ ϕ $与金属贫穷的GCS具有相似的起源。我们为两个不同星系质量及其观察性不确定性提供了UFD和GC的轨道参数目录。

We use the second Gaia data release to investigate the kinematics of 17 ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) and 154 globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way, focusing on the differences between static and evolving models of the Galactic potential. An evolving potential modifies a satellite's orbit relative to its static equivalent, though the difference is small compared to existing uncertainties on orbital parameters. We find that the UFD Boötes II is likely on its first passage around the Milky Way. Depending on the assumed mass of the Milky Way, the UFDs Triangulum II, Hydrus I, Coma Berenices, Draco II, and Ursa Major II, as well as the GC Pyxis, may also be on first infall so may be useful for constraining the mass of the Galaxy. We identify a clear kinematic distinction between metal-rich (${\rm [Fe/H]}>-1.1$) and metal-poor GCs (${\rm [Fe/H]}\leq-1.1$). Although most metal-rich clusters occupy predominately prograde orbits, with low eccentricities ($e\approx 0.35$) and similar specific angular momenta and orbital planes as the Galactic disc, 7 show potentially retrograde orbits, the origin of which is unclear. Metal-poor clusters have more diverse orbits, higher eccentricities ($e\approx 0.65$), and half have orbital planes offset from the disc by 60 to 120 degrees. The UFDs have similar $θ$ and $ϕ$ to the metal-poor GCs, suggesting a similar origin. We provide a catalogue of orbital parameters for UFDs and GCs for two different Galaxy masses and their observational uncertainties.

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