论文标题

Tiny-CFA:使用经过验证的执行证明的简约控制流的方法

Tiny-CFA: A Minimalistic Approach for Control-Flow Attestation Using Verified Proofs of Execution

论文作者

Nunes, Ivan De Oliveira, Jakkamsetti, Sashidhar, Tsudik, Gene

论文摘要

在过去的十年中,Tiny Trust主持人的设计受到了极大的关注,以确保无法负担昂贵的安全机制的低端MCU-S。特别是,硬件/软件(Hybrid)共同设计可提供低硬件成本,同时保留与(更昂贵的)基于硬件的技术相似的安全保证。混合信任锚定支持安全服务,例如远程证明,软件更新/删除/重置的证明,远程软件执行的证明,在资源约束的MCU-S中,例如MSP430和AVR ATMEGA32。尽管有这些进展,但在低端MCU-S中对控制流攻击的检测仍然是一个挑战,因为最便宜相关的体系结构的硬件要求通常比MCU-S本身更昂贵。在这项工作中,我们通过设计Tiny -CFA(一种具有单个硬件要求的控制流量证明(CFA)技术来应对这一挑战 - 能够生成远程软件执行(POX)证明的能力。反过来,可以在低端MCU-S中非常有效,安全地实施痘痘。因此,我们的设计实现了任何CFA架构的最低硬件开销(即便宜两个数量级),同时依靠正式验证的Pox体系结构作为其唯一的硬件要求。关于运行时开销,Tiny-CFA也比基于代码仪器的先前CFA技术的性能更好。我们使用现实世界公开可用的应用程序来实施和评估Tiny-CFA,分析其安全性并证明其实用性。

The design of tiny trust anchors has received significant attention over the past decade, to secure low-end MCU-s that cannot afford expensive security mechanisms. In particular, hardware/software (hybrid) co-designs offer low hardware cost, while retaining similar security guarantees as (more expensive) hardware-based techniques. Hybrid trust anchors support security services, such as remote attestation, proofs of software update/erasure/reset, proofs of remote software execution, in resource-constrained MCU-s, e.g., MSP430 and AVR AtMega32. Despite these advances, detection of control-flow attacks in low-end MCU-s remains a challenge, since hardware requirements of the cheapest related architectures are often more expensive than the MCU-s themselves. In this work, we tackle this challenge by designing Tiny-CFA - a control-flow attestation (CFA) technique with a single hardware requirement - the ability to generate proofs of remote software execution (PoX). In turn, PoX can be implemented very efficiently and securely in low-end MCU-s. Consequently, our design achieves the lowest hardware overhead of any CFA architecture (i.e., two orders of magnitude cheaper), while relying on a formally verified PoX architecture as its sole hardware requirement. With respect to runtime overhead, Tiny-CFA also achieves better performance than prior CFA techniques based on code instrumentation. We implement and evaluate Tiny-CFA, analyze its security, and demonstrate its practicality using real-world publicly available applications.

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