论文标题

基于搜索的计划在目标定向的覆盖任务中进行主动感测

Search-based Planning for Active Sensing in Goal-Directed Coverage Tasks

论文作者

Kusnur, Tushar, Saxena, Dhruv Mauria, Likhachev, Maxim

论文摘要

机器人覆盖范围的路径计划是确定无碰撞机器人轨迹的任务,该轨迹观察了环境中所有兴趣点。执行此类任务的机器人通常能够在导航期间对船上观察传感器进行积极控制。在本文中,我们解决了计划机器人和传感器轨迹的问题,这些问题在机器人需要使用其传感器足迹涵盖关注点的此类任务中最大化信息增益。基于搜索的规划者一般保证完整性和关于基础图离散化的次级临时范围。但是,在机器人和传感器状态变量的关节空间中搜索具有标准搜索的传感器状态变量的可行路径在计算上很昂贵。我们建议解决此问题的两种替代方法。第一个在搜索过程中保持传感器标题的历史记录,在脱钩状态空间中独立地解决了机器人和传感器轨迹。第二个是两步方法,它首先快速计算在脱钩状态空间中的解决方案,然后通过在关节空间中搜索其本地邻域以寻求更好的解决方案来对其进行完善。我们通过在2D环境中进行覆盖范围的运动动力学限制的无人驾驶汽车来评估我们的模拟方法的方法,并显示出它们的好处。

Path planning for robotic coverage is the task of determining a collision-free robot trajectory that observes all points of interest in an environment. Robots employed for such tasks are often capable of exercising active control over onboard observational sensors during navigation. In this paper, we tackle the problem of planning robot and sensor trajectories that maximize information gain in such tasks where the robot needs to cover points of interest with its sensor footprint. Search-based planners in general guarantee completeness and provable bounds on suboptimality with respect to an underlying graph discretization. However, searching for kinodynamically feasible paths in the joint space of robot and sensor state variables with standard search is computationally expensive. We propose two alternative search-based approaches to this problem. The first solves for robot and sensor trajectories independently in decoupled state spaces while maintaining a history of sensor headings during the search. The second is a two-step approach that first quickly computes a solution in decoupled state spaces and then refines it by searching its local neighborhood in the joint space for a better solution. We evaluate our approaches in simulation with a kinodynamically constrained unmanned aerial vehicle performing coverage over a 2D environment and show their benefits.

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