论文标题

分析“接近我”服务:在基于位置的检索中暴露偏见的潜力

Analyzing 'Near Me' Services: Potential for Exposure Bias in Location-based Retrieval

论文作者

Banerjee, Ashmi, Patro, Gourab K, Dietz, Linus W., Chakraborty, Abhijnan

论文摘要

智能手机的扩散导致了基于位置的搜索和推荐系统的普及。 Google和Yelp等在线平台允许以附近功能的形式进行基于位置的搜索,以查询附近的酒店或餐馆。此外,酒店预订平台,例如预订[dot] com,Expedia或Trivago,允许旅行者使用其所需位置作为搜索查询或附近特定地标寻找住宿。由于城市中不同地点的受欢迎程度各不相同,因此某些位置可能比其他位置获得更多的疑问。因此,不同机构在这些位置接收的暴露可能与其评级中捕获的固有质量大不相同。 如今,许多小型企业(商店,酒店或餐馆)依靠此类在线平台吸引客户。因此,接收到比预期的较少的接触可能对企业不利。它可能会对他们的收入产生负面影响,并可能导致经济饥饿甚至关闭。通过收集和分析来自三个流行平台的数据,我们观察到许多最高的酒店和餐馆的质量较少,这可能对它们有害。遵循精英概念,由于这些平台上的基于位置的搜索,我们定义和量化了这种暴露差异。我们将这种暴露差异归因于两种偏见 - 流行偏见和位置偏见。我们在多个数据集上进行的实验评估表明,尽管这些平台在提供基于距离的结果方面表现良好,但对个别企业的敞口差异仍存在,并且需要减少企业可持续性。

The proliferation of smartphones has led to the increased popularity of location-based search and recommendation systems. Online platforms like Google and Yelp allow location-based search in the form of nearby feature to query for hotels or restaurants in the vicinity. Moreover, hotel booking platforms like Booking[dot]com, Expedia, or Trivago allow travelers searching for accommodations using either their desired location as a search query or near a particular landmark. Since the popularity of different locations in a city varies, certain locations may get more queries than other locations. Thus, the exposure received by different establishments at these locations may be very different from their intrinsic quality as captured in their ratings. Today, many small businesses (shops, hotels, or restaurants) rely on such online platforms for attracting customers. Thus, receiving less exposure than that is expected can be unfavorable for businesses. It could have a negative impact on their revenue and potentially lead to economic starvation or even shutdown. By gathering and analyzing data from three popular platforms, we observe that many top-rated hotels and restaurants get less exposure vis-a-vis their quality, which could be detrimental for them. Following a meritocratic notion, we define and quantify such exposure disparity due to location-based searches on these platforms. We attribute this exposure disparity mainly to two kinds of biases -- Popularity Bias and Position Bias. Our experimental evaluation on multiple datasets reveals that although the platforms are doing well in delivering distance-based results, exposure disparity exists for individual businesses and needs to be reduced for business sustainability.

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