论文标题
Ligo-Virgo的GWTC-2的黑洞旋转测量中的超轻标量玻色子的约束
Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
论文作者
论文摘要
如果黑洞半径与玻色子的波长相当，则可以在快速旋转的黑洞周围形成超轻玻色子的云 - 例如轴。云迅速从黑洞中提取角动量，并将其减少到取决于玻色子质量以及黑洞质量和自旋的特征值。因此，可以使用黑洞质量和自旋的测量来揭示或排除这种玻色子的存在。使用Ligo和处女座在其GWTC-2中释放的黑洞，我们同时测量地层时的黑洞自旋分布和标量玻色子的质量。我们发现，数据在质量中的存在强烈不利，范围内的标量玻色子的存在范围在$ 1.3 \ times10^{ - 13}〜\ mathrm {ev} $和$ 2.7 \ times10^{ - 13}〜\ mathrm {ev mathrm {ev} $的衰减常数$ f_a \ gtrsim 10^$} $ 10^$} $} $} $} $ {14} $} $} $ {14} $} $ {统计证据主要是由两个{二进制黑洞}系统GW190412和GW190517驱动的，该系统迅速旋转黑洞。如果这两个系统在形成黑洞后不久（$ \ sim 10^5 $年）合并（$ \ sim 10^5 $年），则排除玻色子的区域会缩小。
Clouds of ultralight bosons - such as axions - can form around a rapidly spinning black hole, if the black hole radius is comparable to the bosons' wavelength. The cloud rapidly extracts angular momentum from the black hole, and reduces it to a characteristic value that depends on the boson's mass as well as on the black hole mass and spin. Therefore, a measurement of a black hole mass and spin can be used to reveal or exclude the existence of such bosons. Using the black holes released by LIGO and Virgo in their GWTC-2, we perform a simultaneous measurement of the black hole spin distribution at formation and the mass of the scalar boson. We find that the data strongly disfavors the existence of scalar bosons in the mass range between $1.3\times10^{-13}~\mathrm{eV}$ and $2.7\times10^{-13}~\mathrm{eV}$ for a decay constant $f_a\gtrsim 10^{14}~\mathrm{GeV}$. The statistical evidence is mostly driven by the two {binary black holes} systems GW190412 and GW190517, which host rapidly spinning black holes. The region where bosons are excluded narrows down if these two systems merged shortly ($\sim 10^5$ years) after the black holes formed.
