学术文献库

Although the energies associated with nuclear reactions are due primarily to interactions involving nuclear forces, the rates and probabilities associated with those reactions are effectively governed by electromagnetic forces. Charges in the local environment can modulate the Coulomb barrier, and thereby change the rates of nuclear processes. Experiments are presented in which low-temperature electrons are attached to high-density rotating neutrals to form negative ions. The steady-state quiescent rotating plasma generated here lends itself to first prove the principle that low temperature systems can yield MeV fusion particles. It allows the use of high density of neutrals interacting with the wall to yield gain greater than unity. It also demonstrates that instabilities can be avoided with high neutral densities. Collective dynamic interactions within this steady-state quiescent plasma result in an arrangement of negative charges that lowers the effective Coulomb barrier to nuclear reactions at a solid wall of reactants. MeV alpha particles are synchronously observed with externally imposed pulses as evidence of fusion being enabled by Coulomb fields. Impacts on fusion, the source of energy in the universe, will be discussed.