论文标题
重力波天体物理学的头五年
The first five years of gravitational-wave astrophysics
论文作者
论文摘要
在天体物理物体加速产生的时空中，引力波是涟漪。这是一般相对论的直接后果，首先是由双激光干涉仪重力波观测站（Ligo）观测值直接观察到的。我回顾了重力波检测的前五年。已经发现了五十多个引力波事件，这些事件是通过合并紧凑的物体（例如中子恒星和黑洞）发出的。这些信号对紧凑物体及其祖细胞星的形成产生了见解，对一般相对性进行了严格的测试，并限制了高于原子核的密度下物质的行为。发射引力和电磁波的合并探测了短γ射线爆发的形成，重元素的核合成，并测量宇宙的局部膨胀速率。
Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime generated by the acceleration of astrophysical objects. A direct consequence of general relativity, they were first directly observed in 2015 by the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) observatories. I review the first five years of gravitational wave detections. More than fifty gravitational waves events have been found, emitted by pairs of merging compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. These signals yield insights into the formation of compact objects and their progenitor stars, enable stringent tests of general relativity and constrain the behavior of matter at densities higher than an atomic nucleus. Mergers that emit both gravitational and electromagnetic waves probe the formation of short gamma ray bursts, the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, and measure the local expansion rate of the Universe.
