论文标题
大气NLTE模型,用于对蓝色恒星的光谱分析。 V.完整的共同框架传输和X射线排放的更新建模
Atmospheric NLTE models for the spectroscopic analysis of blue stars with winds. V. Complete comoving frame transfer, and updated modeling of X-ray emission
论文作者
论文摘要
语境。获得精确的恒星和风能以及巨大恒星的丰度模式对于理解其与环境的性质和相互作用以及限制其进化路径和最终产物至关重要。 目标。为了使完整紫外线的更高多功能性和精确度达到光学范围,我们可以改善NLTE气氛和光谱合成代码快速。我们还旨在获得对风被冲击的X射线发射的高级描述。 方法。我们在基本频率范围内包括一个详细的共同框架辐射传输,但仍采用可实现较低周转时间的方法。 结果。在大多数情况下,我们的新结果与替代代码CMFGEN的结果非常吻合,这既与总辐射加速度,战略光学线和紫外线范围。关于NIII4634-4640-4642的协议有所改善,尽管仍然存在某些差异,这主要与极端紫外线中的线重叠效应有关。在我们最酷的模型的紫外线范围内,我们发现伪tinuum的预测抑郁症的差异,最明显的是ly_alpha。除NV 4603-4619外,我们的新快速版和以前的FastWind版本之间的比较几乎是一个完美的协议。使用对热,X射线发射材料的填充因子的改进,深度依赖性描述,我们确认了先前与数值模型的分析缩放关系。 结论。我们警告不要依赖过渡,这些过渡受到直接或间接线路效应的强烈影响。在观察和基础原子数据方面,需要检查针对最酷的网格模型的预测的紫外线抑郁症。原则上,可以使用来自“超级离子”离子(例如OVI)的风线来限制风被激发冲击的分布。
Context. Obtaining precise stellar and wind properties and abundance patterns of massive stars is crucial to understanding their nature and interactions with their environments, as well as to constrain their evolutionary paths and end-products. Aims. To enable higher versatility and precision of the complete UV to optical range, we improve our NLTE atmosphere and spectrum synthesis code FASTWIND. We also aim to obtain an advanced description of X-ray emission from wind-embedded shocks. Methods. We include a detailed comoving frame radiative transfer for the essential frequency range, but still apply methods that enable low turnaround times. Results. In most cases, our new results agree excellently with those from the alternative code CMFGEN, both regarding the total radiative acceleration, strategic optical lines, and the UV-range. The agreement regarding NIII4634-4640-4642 has improved, though there are still certain discrepancies, mostly related to line overlap effects in the extreme ultraviolet. In the UV range of our coolest models, we find differences in the predicted depression of the pseudo-continuum, most pronounced around Ly_alpha. The comparison between our new and previous FASTWIND version reveals an almost perfect agreement, except for NV 4603-4619. Using an improved, depth-dependent description for the filling factors of hot, X-ray emitting material, we confirm previous analytic scaling relations with our numerical models. Conclusions. We warn against uncritically relying on transitions, which are strongly affected by direct or indirect line-overlap effects. The predicted UV-continuum depression for the coolest grid-models needs to be checked, both observationally, and regarding the underlying atomic data. Wind lines from "super-ionized" ions such as OVI can, in principle, be used to constrain the distribution of wind-embedded shocks.