论文标题

企业IoT流量如何发展?来自芬兰运营商的现实世界证据

How does enterprise IoT traffic evolve? Real-world evidence from a Finnish operator

论文作者

Finley, Benjamin, Benseny, Jaume, Vesselkov, Alexandr, Walia, Jaspreet

论文摘要

企业中物联网(IoT)技术的采用正在增加,因此企业物联网(EIOT)似乎正在从炒作转变为现实。但是,尚未对大量时间表的实际使用进行经验分析。换句话说,现实仍未开发。此外,尽管Eiot垂直行业种类繁多,但尚未比较垂直行业的物联网的使用。本文使用了来自芬兰主要移动网络运营商的两年EIOT数据集来研究跨行业,蜂窝交通模式和移动性模式的设备使用。我们提出了各种新颖的发现:在过去两年中,每台设备的EIOT交通量增加了三倍,支持LTE的设备的份额在2%左右较低,而30%的EIOT设备仍然仅2G,并且不同行业的Eiot交通和流动性之间存在数量级差异。我们还表明,每天的流量只能分为三种模式,主要是在高峰时段的存在和时机上不同。除了这些描述性结果之外,还为交通和移动性进行了建模和预测。我们通过时间回归模型预测每日EIOT的总流量,并在中期(30至180天)的视野中达到约15%的误差。我们还通过Markov混合模型对设备的迁移率进行建模,并量化设备迁移率可预测性的上限。

The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in businesses is increasing and thus enterprise IoT (EIoT) is seemingly shifting from hype to reality. However, the actual use of EIoT over significant timescales has not been empirically analyzed. In other words, the reality remains unexplored. Furthermore, despite the variety of EIoT verticals, the use of IoT across vertical industries has not been compared. This paper uses a two-year EIoT dataset from a major Finnish mobile network operator to investigate device use across industries, cellular traffic patterns, and mobility patterns. We present a variety of novel findings: EIoT traffic volume per device has increased three-fold over the last two years, the share of LTE-enabled devices has remained low at around 2% and that 30% of EIoT devices are still 2G only, and there are order of magnitude differences between different industries' EIoT traffic and mobility. We also show that daily traffic can be clustered into only three patterns, differing mainly in the presence and timing of a peak hour. Beyond these descriptive results, modeling and forecasting is conducted for both traffic and mobility. We forecast the total daily EIoT traffic through a temporal regression model and achieve an error of about 15% over medium-term (30 to 180 day) horizons. We also model device mobility through a Markov mixture model and quantify the upper bound of predictability for device mobility.

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