论文标题
来自原子，负离子和内hed的光电子的时间延迟的非偶极子效应
Non-dipole effects in time delay of photoelectrons from atoms, negative ions, and endohedrals
论文作者
论文摘要
在这封信中，我们研究了由多电子原子，负离子和各自的内膜发出的光电子的非偶极效应。我们在与原子，负离子和适当调整到内联体的随机相位近似（RPAE）的框架框架中介绍了必要的一般公式。我们集中于低光子能量区域，在横截面中非偶极效应很小，但在角度分布中变得可观察到。我们不仅在时间延迟中得出非偶极效应的公式，还可以执行相应的数字计算。我们证明了如何在实验中分离非偶极校正。对贵重气体原子AR和XE进行具体计算，对它们负离子Cl-和i-和i-和in-o-EndoheDrals AR（Cl-）C60和Xe（i-）@c60。我们发现前向后的光电子时间延迟差异提供了有关非偶极效应的直接信息。事实证明，它们是可以衡量的，并受到富勒烯壳的存在的显着影响。
In this Letter, we investigate the non-dipole effects in time delay of photoelectrons emitted by multi-electron atoms, negative ions, and respective endohedrals. We present the necessary general formulas in the frame of the random phase approximation with exchange (RPAE) applied to atoms, negative ions, and properly adjusted to endohedrals. We concentrate on low photon energy region, where non-dipole effects are very small in the cross-sections but become observable in angular distributions. We not only derive the formulas for non-dipole effects in time delay, but perform corresponding numeric calculations. We demonstrate how the non-dipole corrections can be isolated in experiment. Concrete calculations are performed for noble gas atoms Ar and Xe, isoelectronic to them negative ions Cl- and I- and endohedrals Ar(Cl-)C60 and Xe(I-)@C60. We found that the forward-backward photoelectron time delay differences give direct information on non-dipole effects. They proved to be quite measurable and prominently affected by the presence of the fullerenes shell.
