论文标题
VLA/ALMA新生磁盘和多重性（Vandam）对猎户座原静脉的调查。 iii。原始磁盘中的子结构
The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. III. Substructures in Protostellar Disks
论文作者
论文摘要
$ \ sim1-10 $ MYR旧的原始磁盘通常与行星形成有关的旧原理磁盘的流行率提出了一个问题，即这种早期特征形成了如何形成，并且作为推论，早期的行星形成如何开始。在这里，我们介绍了VLA/Alma新生磁盘的七个Protostellar磁盘（老年$ \ sim0.1-1 $ Myr）以及对猎户座原恒星（Vandam：Orion）的多重调查，这些调查显示出明确的子结构，从而证明这些特征在迪斯克斯的寿命中可能早期形成。我们使用简单的分析模型以及详细的辐射转移模型来表征它们的结构。特别是我们表明，至少有四个来源具有相对较大的信封，表明它们特别年轻，可能是最年轻的磁盘，具有已知迄今为止的子结构。这些磁盘中的几个还具有从环结构中心偏移的内部磁盘发射。鉴于磁盘清理区域的大小，尚不清楚这些特征是否与行星形成有关，还是它们是早期近距离分离二进制形成的路标。
The prevalence of substructures in $\sim1-10$ Myr old protoplanetary disks, which are often linked to planet formation, has raised the question of how early such features form, and as a corollary, how early planet formation begins. Here we present observations of seven protostellar disks (aged $\sim0.1-1$ Myr) from the VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey of Orion Protostars (VANDAM: Orion) that show clear substructures, thereby demonstrating that these features can form early in the lifetimes of disks. We use simple analytic models as well as detailed radiative transfer modeling to characterize their structure. In particular we show that at least four of the sources have relatively massive envelopes, indicating that they are particularly young, likely the youngest disks with substructures known to-date. Several of these disks also have emission from an inner disk that is offset from the center of the ring structure. Given the size of the cleared out regions of the disk, it is unclear, however, whether these features are related to planet formation, or rather if they are signposts of close-separation binary formation at early times.
