论文标题

基于合同的使用时间储能投资定价

Contract-based Time-of-use Pricing for Energy Storage Investment

论文作者

Zhao, Dongwei, Wang, Hao, Huang, Jianwei, Lin, Xiaojun

论文摘要

电力实用程序广泛使用了使用时间(TOU)定价。经过精心设计的TOU定价可以激励最终用户的储能部署,这有助于刮去系统的峰值负载并降低系统的社交成本。但是,TOU定价的优化是高度不平凡的,并且设计不当的TOU定价可能会导致库存投资远非社会最佳。在本文中,我们旨在设计最佳的TOU定价,共同考虑实用程序的社会成本和用户的存储投资决策。由于存储投资成本是用户的私人信息,因此我们设计了低复杂的合同,以获取必要的信息并诱导用户存储投资的适当行为。拟议的合同仅指定了三个合同项目,这些合同指导任意许多不同的存储成本类型的用户投资于其峰值需求的全部,部分或不存储容量。当公用事业公司知道每种存储成本类型的总需求时(而不是单个用户的类型),我们的合同可以实现社会最佳。当公用事业公司仅知道每个存储成本类型的需求的分布时,我们的合同可能会导致近乎最佳的解决方案。根据使用现实数据的模拟,社会最佳距离的差距高达1.5%。我们还表明,拟议的合同可以将系统社会成本降低30%以上,而没有存储投资基准。

Time-of-use (ToU) pricing is widely used by the electricity utility. A carefully designed ToU pricing can incentivize end-users' energy storage deployment, which helps shave the system peak load and reduce the system social cost. However, the optimization of ToU pricing is highly non-trivial, and an improperly designed ToU pricing may lead to storage investments that are far from the social optimum. In this paper, we aim at designing the optimal ToU pricing, jointly considering the social cost of the utility and the storage investment decisions of users. Since the storage investment costs are users' private information, we design low-complexity contracts to elicit the necessary information and induce the proper behavior of users' storage investment. The proposed contracts only specify three contract items, which guides users of arbitrarily many different storage-cost types to invest in full, partial, or no storage capacity with respect to their peak demands. Our contracts can achieve the social optimum when the utility knows the aggregate demand of each storage-cost type (but not the individual user's type). When the utility only knows the distribution of each storage-cost type's demand, our contracts can lead to a near-optimal solution. The gap with the social optimum is as small as 1.5% based on the simulations using realistic data. We also show that the proposed contracts can reduce the system social cost by over 30%, compared with no storage investment benchmark.

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