论文标题

氮氢化物的氘分馏:NHD的检测和ND $ _2 $

Deuterium fractionation of nitrogen hydrides: detections of NHD and ND$_2$

论文作者

Bacmann, A., Faure, A., Hily-Blant, P., Kobayashi, K., Ozeki, H., Yamamoto, S., Pagani, L., Lique, F.

论文摘要

尽管氨通常是对密集星际培养基的一种丰富分子,但尚未确定其主要的地层途径是来自吸附的氮原子上的气相离子 - 分子反应还是晶面表面氢。氘分馏可以用作限制形成机制的工具。在密集的星体培养基中常规观察到一个高的丰度,氘化分子之间的比率和主要同位素学之间的比率相对于元素D/H比,而主要的同位素学则增强了几个数量级。就氨而言,检测其三维氘化的同位素学提示,表明犹他州的中间氮自由基,ND,NHD,NHD和ND $ _2 $。但是,到目前为止,仅在星际介质中检测到ND。在本文中,为了限制氨的形成,我们旨在确定NHD/NH $ _2 $和ND $ _2 $/NHD丰度比率,并将其与纯气相和晶粒表面化学模型的预测进行比较。我们搜索了NHD的基本旋转过渡和ND $ _2 $向0类Protostar IRAS16293-2422,以前已经检测到NH,NH $ _2 $和ND。 NHD和ND $ _2 $都被检测到对来源的吸收。相对丰度的比率NH $ _2 $:NHD:ND $ _2 $接近8:4:1。这些比率可以由我们的气相化学模型复制在两三分之二以下。晶粒表面化学预期的统计比也与我们的数据一致。理论上和观察性的ND $ _2 $中的矫正比率的进一步研究可能会带来新的约束,以更好地理解氮氢化物化学。

Although ammonia is an abundant molecule commonly observed towards the dense interstellar medium, it has not yet been established whether its main formation route is from gas-phase ion-molecule reactions or grain-surface hydrogen additions on adsorbed nitrogen atoms. Deuterium fractionation can be used as a tool to constrain formation mechanisms. High abundances of deuterated molecules are routinely observed in the dense interstellar medium, with the ratio between deuterated molecules and the main isotopologue enhanced by several orders of magnitude with respect to the elemental D/H ratio. In the case of ammonia, the detection of its triply deuterated isotopologue hints at high abundances of the deuterated intermediate nitrogen radicals, ND, NHD and ND$_2$. So far however, only ND has been detected in the interstellar medium. In this paper, to constrain the formation of ammonia, we aim at determining the NHD/NH$_2$ and ND$_2$/NHD abundance ratios, and compare them with the predictions of both pure gas-phase and grain-surface chemical models. We searched for the fundamental rotational transitions of NHD and ND$_2$ towards the class 0 protostar IRAS16293-2422, towards which NH, NH$_2$ and ND had been previously detected. Both NHD and ND$_2$ are detected in absorption towards the source. The relative abundance ratios NH$_2$ : NHD : ND$_2$ are close to 8 : 4 : 1. These ratios can be reproduced by our gas-phase chemical model within a factor of two-three. Statistical ratios as expected from grain-surface chemistry are also consistent with our data. Further investigations of the ortho-to-para ratio in ND$_2$ , both theoretical and observational, could bring new constraints to better understand nitrogen hydride chemistry.

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