论文标题
资金CRISPR：了解政府和慈善机构在支持CRISPR创新系统中的学术研究中的作用
Funding CRISPR: Understanding the role of government and philanthropic institutions in supporting academic research within the CRISPR innovation system
论文作者
论文摘要
CRISPR/CAS有可能改变医学，农业和生物学。了解CRISPR研究的轨迹，它如何受到影响以及谁为此付费，是一个必不可少的研究政策问题。我们通过对CRISPR论文的定量内容分析，主要政府机构和组织的研究资金概况以及涉及支持高影响研究的关键阶段的网络（即基础生物学研究和技术发展）的网络来绘制绘制方法。内容分析的结果表明，美国主要政府机构支持的研究既专注于CRISPR作为一种生物学现象的研究及其技术发展，并将其用作生物医学研究工具。相比之下，除HHMI外，美国慈善组织倾向于将CRISPR作为基因组编辑技术专门提供资金。我们在CRISPR/CAS Research，加利福尼亚大学和哈佛大学/MIT/Broad Institute的两个最杰出的机构中介绍了共同资助网络的模型，以阐明慈善组织与政府机构如何与CRISPR/CAS的发现和开发的政府机构阐明。我们的结果提出了有关国家作用以及慈善事业对变革技术轨迹的影响的基本问题。
CRISPR/Cas has the potential to revolutionize medicine, agriculture, and biology. Understanding the trajectory of CRISPR research, how it is influenced and who pays for it, is an essential research policy question. We use a combination of methods to map, via quantitative content analysis of CRISPR papers, the research funding profile of major government agencies and organizations philanthropic, and the networks involved in supporting key stages of high-influence research, namely basic biological research and technological development. The results of the content analysis show how the research supported by the main US government agencies focus both on the study of CRISPR as a biological phenomenon and on its technological development and use as a biomedical research tool. US philanthropic organizations with the exception of HHMI, tend, by contrast, to specialize in funding CRISPR as a genome editing technology. We present a model of co-funding networks at the two most prominent institutions for CRISPR/Cas research, the University of California and the Harvard/MIT/Broad Institute, to illuminate how philanthropic organizations have articulated with government agencies to co-finance the discovery and development of CRISPR/Cas. Our results raise fundamental questions about the role of the state and the influence of philanthropy over the trajectory of transformative technologies.
