论文标题

生命游戏中自动峰和多细胞的演变

Evolution of Autopoiesis and Multicellularity in the Game of Life

论文作者

Turney, Peter D.

论文摘要

最近,我们根据康威人生游戏中种子模式的演变介绍了一个模型S模型。在模型中,种子模式的适应性是通过移民游戏中的一对一比赛来衡量的,这是生活游戏游戏的两人变化。我们上一篇文章表明,模型-S可以用作高度抽象的生物学生命模型:(1)初始种子模式类似于基因组。 (2)随着游戏的运行,变化类似于该现象的发展。 (3)模型S中的比赛选择类似于生物学中的自然选择。 (4)模型S中的移民游戏类似于生物学竞争。 (5)模型S中的前三层类似于生物繁殖。 (6)模型S中种子模式的融合类似于共生。当前的文章进一步采取了两个步骤:(7)生命游戏中的自动植物结构(仍然存在生命,振荡器和宇宙飞船 - 统称为灰烬)类似于生物学中的细胞。 (8)生命游戏中的种子模式产生了多种,多样,合作的自动植物结构,类似于多细胞生物学生活。我们使用由Adam Goucher开发的APGSearch软件(Ash Pattern Generator搜索)用于研究灰烬,分析模型S中的自动驾驶和多细胞。我们发现,模型S中进化的种子模式的适应性与多细胞自动植物结构的多样性和数量高度相关。

Recently we introduced a model of symbiosis, Model-S, based on the evolution of seed patterns in Conway's Game of Life. In the model, the fitness of a seed pattern is measured by one-on-one competitions in the Immigration Game, a two-player variation of the Game of Life. Our previous article showed that Model-S can serve as a highly abstract, simplified model of biological life: (1) The initial seed pattern is analogous to a genome. (2) The changes as the game runs are analogous to the development of the phenome. (3) Tournament selection in Model-S is analogous to natural selection in biology. (4) The Immigration Game in Model-S is analogous to competition in biology. (5) The first three layers in Model-S are analogous to biological reproduction. (6) The fusion of seed patterns in Model-S is analogous to symbiosis. The current article takes this analogy two steps further: (7) Autopoietic structures in the Game of Life (still lifes, oscillators, and spaceships -- collectively known as ashes) are analogous to cells in biology. (8) The seed patterns in the Game of Life give rise to multiple, diverse, cooperating autopoietic structures, analogous to multicellular biological life. We use the apgsearch software (Ash Pattern Generator Search), developed by Adam Goucher for the study of ashes, to analyze autopoiesis and multicellularity in Model-S. We find that the fitness of evolved seed patterns in Model-S is highly correlated with the diversity and quantity of multicellular autopoietic structures.

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