论文标题

量子纳米机器中精度的热力学

Thermodynamics of precision in quantum nano-machines

论文作者

Rignon-Bret, Antoine, Guarnieri, Giacomo, Goold, John, Mitchison, Mark T.

论文摘要

波动强烈影响纳米级热机的动态和功能。随机热力学的最新发展表明,许多远距离平衡系统的波动受到所谓热力学不确定性关系的熵产生速率的限制。这些关系表明,提高发动机功率输出的可靠性或精度的热力学成本更高。在这里,我们研究量子状态中小型热机精确度的热力学。特别是,我们得出了在定量载荷上执行工作的几种模型(既有自主和循环)的几种模型(既有自主和循环)的模型之间的确切关系。根据环境的不同,我们发现量子相干性可以帮助或阻碍涉及功率波动的地方。我们讨论了减少量子纳米机器中这种波动的设计原理,并提出了一个自动驾驶的三Q Qubit发动机,其对给定熵产生的功率输出比任何经典的马克维亚模型都更可靠。

Fluctuations strongly affect the dynamics and functionality of nanoscale thermal machines. Recent developments in stochastic thermodynamics have shown that fluctuations in many far-from-equilibrium systems are constrained by the rate of entropy production via so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relations. These relations imply that increasing the reliability or precision of an engine's power output comes at a greater thermodynamic cost. Here we study the thermodynamics of precision for small thermal machines in the quantum regime. In particular, we derive exact relations between the power, power fluctuations, and entropy production rate for several models of few-qubit engines (both autonomous and cyclic) that perform work on a quantised load. Depending on the context, we find that quantum coherence can either help or hinder where power fluctuations are concerned. We discuss design principles for reducing such fluctuations in quantum nano-machines, and propose an autonomous three-qubit engine whose power output for a given entropy production is more reliable than would be allowed by any classical Markovian model.

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