论文标题
超级碰撞中形成的大型和小型系统的集体性
Collectivity in large and small systems formed in ultrarelativistic collisions
论文作者
论文摘要
在超级型重离子碰撞中观察到的最终状态望子的集体流动，甚至是在高质量PP和P/D/$^3 $ he-nucleus碰撞中形成的较小系统中，这是探测系统的初始状态的最重要的诊断工具之一，并阐明了许多短暂寿命的属性，这些属性是许多强劲的，这些工具的构成了许多这些，这些工具构成了许多这些，这些工具构成了这些材料。在最初的几年中，有限的研究主要是对定向和椭圆流的研究 - 单粒子方位角分布的前两个傅立叶谐波 - 近年来，该领域已演变为更丰富的活动领域。 This includes not only higher Fourier harmonics and multiparticle cumulants, but also a variety of other related observables, such as the ridge seen in two-particle correlations, flow decorrelation, symmetric cumulants and event-plane correlators which measure correlations between the magnitudes or phases of the complex flows in different harmonics, coefficients that measure the nonlinear hydrodynamic response, statistical properties, such as the non-Gaussianity of流动波动等。我们介绍了现代流动图片和集体的各个方面的教程回顾 - 量子染色体动力学中的新兴现象。
Collective flow of the final-state hadrons observed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions or even in smaller systems formed in high-multiplicity pp and p/d/$^3$He-nucleus collisions is one of the most important diagnostic tools to probe the initial state of the system and to shed light on the properties of the short-lived, strongly-interacting many-body state formed in these collisions. Limited, in the initial years, to the study of mainly the directed and elliptic flows -- the first two Fourier harmonics of the single-particle azimuthal distribution -- this field has evolved in recent years into a much richer area of activity. This includes not only higher Fourier harmonics and multiparticle cumulants, but also a variety of other related observables, such as the ridge seen in two-particle correlations, flow decorrelation, symmetric cumulants and event-plane correlators which measure correlations between the magnitudes or phases of the complex flows in different harmonics, coefficients that measure the nonlinear hydrodynamic response, statistical properties, such as the non-Gaussianity of the flow fluctuations, etc. We present a Tutorial Review of the modern flow picture and the various aspects of the collectivity -- an emergent phenomenon in quantum chromodynamics.
