论文标题
$ in $ $ $ $ situ $和$ operando $ $ partimiencation for Sild氧化物电化学细胞：最新进展
$In$ $situ$ and $operando$ characterisation techniques for solid oxide electrochemical cells: Recent advances
论文作者
论文摘要
氧气活性和表面稳定性是寻找用于中等温度固体氧化物电化学细胞的高级材料的两个关键参数，因为整体设备的性能取决于它们。尤其是$ $ $ $ $ situ $和$ operando $表征技术已经加速了对降解过程和活动站点的识别的理解，从而激发了改进的纳米工程材料的设计和综合。在这篇简短的主题综述中，我们报告了各种精致$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ perando $表征技术的最新进展，包括传输和扫描电子显微镜（TEM和SEM），表面增强的拉曼光谱（SERS），电化学频谱（EIS），X射线差异（x-ray diffractron（x-ray diffractron），x-ray diffractron（x-ray diffracron） （XPS）和X射线吸收光谱（XAS）等。我们专注于它们在三个新兴主题中的使用，即：（i）分析一般电化学反应和电极材料的表面缺陷化学； （ii）纳米颗粒实现的电极表面的演变，以增强氧气活性，以及（iii）SR分离引起的表面降解的研究，从而降低了耐用性。对于这些主题，我们重点介绍了最近发布的最杰出示例。我们预计，特征技术的持续改进，尤其是通过多模式方法对它们的补充使用将导致对$ Operando $流程的知识，从而在不久的将来允许细胞性能取得重大进步。
Oxygen activity and surface stability are two key parameters in the search for advanced materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells, as overall device performance depends critically on them. In particular $in$ $situ$ and $operando$ characterisation techniques have accelerated the understanding of degradation processes and the identification of active sites, motivating the design and synthesis of improved, nanoengineered materials. In this short topical review we report on the latest developments of various sophisticated $in$ $situ$ and $operando$ characterization techniques, including Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), among others. We focus on their use in three emerging topics, namely: (i) the analysis of general electrochemical reactions and the surface defect chemistry of electrode materials; (ii) the evolution of electrode surfaces achieved by nanoparticle exsolution for enhanced oxygen activity and (iii) the study of surface degradation caused by Sr segregation, leading to reduced durability. For each of these topics we highlight the most remarkable examples recently published. We anticipate that ongoing improvements in the characterisation techniques and especially a complementary use of them by multimodal approaches will lead to improved knowledge of $operando$ processes, hence allowing a significant advancement in cell performance in the near future.
