论文标题

通过基于深层生成模型的图像重建对SIFT特征的隐私泄漏

Privacy Leakage of SIFT Features via Deep Generative Model based Image Reconstruction

论文作者

Wu, Haiwei, Zhou, Jiantao

论文摘要

许多实际应用,例如基于内容的图像检索和对象识别,都严重依赖于从查询图像中提取的本地功能。由于这些本地特征通常会暴露于不信任的各方,因此,近年来,图像的隐私泄漏问题已受到越来越多的关注。在这项工作中,我们彻底评估了规模不变特征变换(SIFT)的隐私泄漏,这是最广泛使用的局部特征之一。我们首先考虑了对手可以完全访问SIFT功能的情况,即SIFT描述符和坐标都可以使用。我们提出了一种新型的端到端,粗到最深的深层生成模型,用于从其筛分特征重建潜在图像。设计的深层生成模型由两个网络组成,其中第一个试图通过从筛分功能转换为本地二进制图案(LBP)特征来学习潜在图像的结构信息,而第二个则旨在重建由学习的LBP指导的像素值。与最先进的算法相比,拟议的深层生成模型在三个公共数据集中产生了大量改进的重建结果。此外,我们解决了只有部分筛分功能(筛分描述符或坐标)才能访问对手的更具挑战性的情况。结果表明,如果对手只能访问SIFT描述符,而不是其坐标,那么可以为高度结构化的图像(例如面部)重建潜在图像的适度成功,并且在一般设置中会失败。此外,可以仅从筛分坐标中重建潜在图像。我们的结果表明,如果可以很好地保护SIFT坐标,则可以在很大程度上避免隐私泄漏问题。

Many practical applications, e.g., content based image retrieval and object recognition, heavily rely on the local features extracted from the query image. As these local features are usually exposed to untrustworthy parties, the privacy leakage problem of image local features has received increasing attention in recent years. In this work, we thoroughly evaluate the privacy leakage of Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), which is one of the most widely-used image local features. We first consider the case that the adversary can fully access the SIFT features, i.e., both the SIFT descriptors and the coordinates are available. We propose a novel end-to-end, coarse-to-fine deep generative model for reconstructing the latent image from its SIFT features. The designed deep generative model consists of two networks, where the first one attempts to learn the structural information of the latent image by transforming from SIFT features to Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features, while the second one aims to reconstruct the pixel values guided by the learned LBP. Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms, the proposed deep generative model produces much improved reconstructed results over three public datasets. Furthermore, we address more challenging cases that only partial SIFT features (either SIFT descriptors or coordinates) are accessible to the adversary. It is shown that, if the adversary can only have access to the SIFT descriptors while not their coordinates, then the modest success of reconstructing the latent image can be achieved for highly-structured images (e.g., faces) and would fail in general settings. In addition, the latent image can be reconstructed with reasonably good quality solely from the SIFT coordinates. Our results would suggest that the privacy leakage problem can be largely avoided if the SIFT coordinates can be well protected.

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