论文标题
jarzynski平衡的平等 - 虚拟潜力的优点
Jarzynski Equality for Soret Equilibria -- Virtues of Virtual Potentials
论文作者
论文摘要
jarzynski平等将两个平衡状态之间的自由能差与在它们之间切换的不可逆转的工作。平衡状态的规定固定温度隐式限制了可以使系统远离平衡的耗散切换过程。在这里，我们在理论上和实验上证明了这种关系也与非等热情况相关，在这种情况下，初始固定状态不处于平衡状态，并且通过动态变化的温度梯度而不是保守的力来影响切换。我们的示范采用了一个被光诱导的嗜热漂移电流捕获的单个胶体粒子。它依赖于确定经典工作和热量的适当等效物，以及我们测量其分布并以虚拟潜力表达它们的能力。
The Jarzynski equality relates the free energy difference between two equilibrium states to the fluctuating irreversible work afforded to switch between them. The prescribed fixed temperature for the equilibrium states implicitly constrains the dissipative switching process that can take the system far from equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that such a relation also holds for the nonisothermal case, where the initial stationary state is not in equilibrium and the switching is effected by dynamically changing temperature gradients instead of a conservative force. Our demonstration employs a single colloidal particle trapped by optically induced thermophoretic drift currents. It relies on identifying suitable equivalents of classical work and heat and our ability to measure their distributions and express them in terms of a virtual potential.
