论文标题

转弯机:一种简单的分子机器人算法模型

Turning Machines: a simple algorithmic model for molecular robotics

论文作者

Kostitsyna, Irina, Wood, Cai, Woods, Damien

论文摘要

分子机器人技术具有挑战性,因此最好保持简单。我们根据简单的折叠指令来考虑一个抽象的分子机器人模型,该指令执行异步。转弯机是一个简单的1D到2D折叠模型,也很容易概括为2D至3D折叠。转弯机开始时是离散平面中连接的单体的线,每个单体都有相关的转弯号码。一个单体相对于邻居的转弯,执行单位距离翻译,该翻译与其他单体一起拖动其他单体,并通过集体运动最初的单体集合最终折叠成编程的形状。我们提供了一套工具,用于通过完全表征其执行线旋转的能力来推理转弯机的推理:执行$5π/3 $弧度的几乎满足的线旋转是可能的,但不可能全额2π$旋转。此外,在我们的连续时间马尔可夫链时间模型中,有效地执行了高达$5π/3 $的线旋转$5π/3 $。然后,我们表明,通过使用它们有效和异步折叠形状来代表模型中的基本原始。特别是,任意大型的曲折式正方形和曲折路径是可折叠的,$ y $ - 单酮的形状也有误(以周围长度为界)。最后,我们给出的形状是,尽管有遍历所有点的路径,但实际上是不可能折叠的,以及用于折叠某些(缩放的)形状的技术,没有错误。我们的方法依赖于非常简单的机器人系统对可能的壮举和不可能的仔细分析,并将概念上的硬度推向数学分析并远离分子实现。

Molecular robotics is challenging, so it seems best to keep it simple. We consider an abstract molecular robotics model based on simple folding instructions that execute asynchronously. Turning Machines are a simple 1D to 2D folding model, also easily generalisable to 2D to 3D folding. A Turning Machine starts out as a line of connected monomers in the discrete plane, each with an associated turning number. A monomer turns relative to its neighbours, executing a unit-distance translation that drags other monomers along with it, and through collective motion the initial set of monomers eventually folds into a programmed shape. We provide a suite of tools for reasoning about Turning Machines by fully characterising their ability to execute line rotations: executing an almost-full line rotation of $5π/3$ radians is possible, yet a full $2π$ rotation is impossible. Furthermore, line rotations up to $5π/3$ are executed efficiently, in $O(\log n)$ expected time in our continuous time Markov chain time model. We then show that such line-rotations represent a fundamental primitive in the model, by using them to efficiently and asynchronously fold shapes. In particular, arbitrarily large zig-zag-rastered squares and zig-zag paths are foldable, as are $y$-monotone shapes albeit with error (bounded by perimeter length). Finally, we give shapes that despite having paths that traverse all their points, are in fact impossible to fold, as well as techniques for folding certain classes of (scaled) shapes without error. Our approach relies on careful geometric-based analyses of the feats possible and impossible by a very simple robotic system, and pushes conceptional hardness towards mathematical analysis and away from molecular implementation.

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