论文标题
同态加密，用于量子退火，自旋逆转转换
Homomorphic Encryption for Quantum Annealing with Spin Reversal Transformations
论文作者
论文摘要
数十年来，同态加密一直是古典计算领域的一个研究领域。同态加密的基本目标是使（不信任）奥斯卡对爱丽丝进行计算，而无需奥斯卡了解计算的输入或计算的输出。爱丽丝在将输入发送到奥斯卡之前对输入进行加密，然后奥斯卡直接在加密数据上执行计算，从而产生加密结果。然后，奥斯卡将计算的加密结果发送回爱丽丝，后者可以解密它。我们描述了一种基于自旋逆转转换的量子退火的同态加密方法的方法，并表明它几乎没有或根本没有性能惩罚。这与经典计算的同态加密方法相反，后者产生了重要的额外计算成本。这意味着，当两个范式使用同形加密时，量子退火和经典计算之间的性能差距会降低。此外，同态加密对于量子退火至关重要，因为量子退火器是云的原生 - 第三方（例如不信任的奥斯卡）执行计算。如果将符合《健康保险可移植性和责任法》的敏感信息（例如与健康相关的数据）与量子退火器一起处理，则这种技术可能有用。
Homomorphic encryption has been an area of study in classical computing for decades. The fundamental goal of homomorphic encryption is to enable (untrusted) Oscar to perform a computation for Alice without Oscar knowing the input to the computation or the output from the computation. Alice encrypts the input before sending it to Oscar, and Oscar performs the computation directly on the encrypted data, producing an encrypted result. Oscar then sends the encrypted result of the computation back to Alice, who can decrypt it. We describe an approach to homomorphic encryption for quantum annealing based on spin reversal transformations and show that it comes with little or no performance penalty. This is in contrast to approaches to homomorphic encryption for classical computing, which incur a significant additional computational cost. This implies that the performance gap between quantum annealing and classical computing is reduced when both paradigms use homomorphic encryption. Further, homomorphic encryption is critical for quantum annealing because quantum annealers are native to the cloud -- a third party (such as untrusted Oscar) performs the computation. If sensitive information, such as health-related data subject to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is to be processed with quantum annealers, such a technique could be useful.
