论文标题
重新审视量子因果结构的动力学 - 因果秩序何时会发展?
Revisiting dynamics of quantum causal structures -- when can causal order evolve?
论文作者
论文摘要
最近,在研究量子理论的动力学之外,特别是频道,测量和高阶变换的动力学之外,人们一直在研究量子理论的动力学。参考。 [物理。 Rev. X 8(1),011047(2018)]使用过程 - 矩阵形式主义,以及对此类过程矩阵的可能动态的定义,特别关注因果结构的进化问题。它的主要结论之一是一个有力的定理,说在形式主义中,在连续和可逆的转变下,必须保留操作之间的因果秩序。我们的结果在这里挑战了参考。 [物理。 Rev. X 8(1),011047(2018)]:如果要考虑到标准量子机械形式主义中操作的物理演变的全部情况,则应结论参考。 [物理。 Rev. X 8(1),011047(2018)]不举行。也就是说,我们表明,在某些连续和可逆的动态下,操作之间的因果顺序不一定保留。此外,我们还要识别和分析这种明显矛盾的根源,特别是,在数学上声音的高阶过程中普遍接受且广泛应用的框架并不总是适合得出关于物理动力学的结论。最后,我们展示了如何根据本地操作和经典交流的纠缠处理来调和整个图片的元素。
Recently, there has been substantial interest in studying the dynamics of quantum theory beyond that of states, in particular, the dynamics of channels, measurements, and higher-order transformations. Ref. [Phys. Rev. X 8(1), 011047 (2018)] pursues this using the process-matrix formalism, together with a definition of the possible dynamics of such process matrices, and focusing especially on the question of evolution of causal structures. One of its major conclusions is a strong theorem saying that within the formalism, under continuous and reversible transformations, the causal order between operations must be preserved. Our result here challenges that of Ref. [Phys. Rev. X 8(1), 011047 (2018)]: if one is to take into account a full picture of the physical evolution of operations within the standard quantum-mechanical formalism, then the conclusion of Ref. [Phys. Rev. X 8(1), 011047 (2018)] does not hold. That is, we show that under certain continuous and reversible dynamics, the causal order between operations is not necessarily preserved. We moreover identify and analyse the root of this apparent contradiction, specifically, that the commonly accepted and widely applied framework of higher-order processes, whilst mathematically sound, is not always appropriate for drawing conclusions on physical dynamics. Finally, we show how to reconcile the elements of the whole picture following the intuition based on entanglement processing by local operations and classical communication.