论文标题
非平衡有效场理论和第二个声音
Non-equilibrium effective field theory and second sound
论文作者
论文摘要
我们从非平衡有效场理论（EFT）的角度研究了各种物质状态下第二声音的现象。特别是，对于考虑到每个物质状态，我们发现在有限温度下至少存在两个（有时是多个）质量不同的EFT，因此总是至少有一个EFT具有传播的第二声波，而至少一个没有这样的第二个波浪。为了帮助构建这些EFT，我们使用为非平衡系统开发的coset方法。事实证明，带有和没有第二声模式的EFT之间的差异可以理解为来自一种新型的逆HigGS约束的不同选择。最后，我们证明，可以通过在类似于通常的流体世界情绪上制定EFT来绕过对新的逆Higg限制的需求，但具有减少的规格对称性。
We investigate the phenomenon of second sound in various states of matter from the perspective of non-equilibrium effective field theory (EFT). In particular, for each state of matter considered, we find that at least two (though sometimes multiple) qualitatively different EFTs exist at finite temperature such that there is always at least one EFT with a propagating second-sound wave and at least one with no such second-sound wave. To aid in the construction of these EFTs, we use the method of cosets developed for non-equilibrium systems. It turns out that the difference between the EFTs with and without second-sound modes can be understood as arising from different choices of a new kind of inverse Higgs constraint. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to bypass the need for new inverse Higgs constraints by formulating EFTs on a new kind of manifold that is like the usual fluid worldvolume, but with reduced gauge symmetries.
