论文标题
恒星和行星II中的对流差异旋转：观察和数值测试
Convective Differential Rotation in Stars and Planets II: Observational and Numerical Tests
论文作者
论文摘要
差异旋转是恒星和行星中许多谜团的核心。在第一部分中，我们预测了流体动力和磁流体动力对流区域中差分旋转的数量级和缩放率。我们的结果适用于缓慢和快速旋转的系统，并提供了恒星和流体行星差异旋转的一般图片。我们进一步计算了子午循环，熵梯度和斜压性的尺度。在本文论文中，我们将这些预测与多种观察结果和数值模拟进行了比较。除少数例外，我们发现它们在缓慢旋转和快速旋转的限制中都是一致的。我们的结果有助于在红色巨星中定位核心剪切，这表明巨大恒星的内部重力波发生了旋转依赖的频移，并可能解释了观察到的偏离von Zeipel的偏差，而后期型恒星中的重力变暗。
Differential rotation is central to a great many mysteries in stars and planets. In Part I we predicted the order of magnitude and scaling of the differential rotation in both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic convection zones. Our results apply to both slowly- and rapidly-rotating systems, and provide a general picture of differential rotation in stars and fluid planets. We further calculated the scalings of the meridional circulation, entropy gradient and baroclinicity. In this companion paper we compare these predictions with a variety of observations and numerical simulations. With a few exceptions we find that these are consistent in both the slowly-rotating and rapidly-rotating limits. Our results help to localize core-envelope shear in red~giant stars, suggest a rotation-dependent frequency shift in the internal gravity waves of massive stars and potentially explain observed deviations from von Zeipel's gravity darkening in late-type stars.
