论文标题
使用事件逐渐波动探测QCD相结构
Probing the QCD phase structure using event-by-event fluctuations
论文作者
论文摘要
相对论能量的重型离子碰撞在温度和能量密度的极端条件下进行探测。对实验可观察物的逐场事件波动的研究对于探测QCD相变，定位临界点并了解相关的关键现象至关重要。在临界点，所有热力学量都截然不同。波动测量可访问热力学响应功能。我们讨论了使用粒子多样性波动获得等温可压缩性的方法，以及在平均横向动量，温度和能量中使用波动的特定热量。晶格QCD计算预测了临界点保守量的高阶累积物中的非单调行为。已经测量了多种电荷到中性颗粒的多样性的波动，以了解迷失方向的手性冷凝物域的形成。我们回顾了最新的波动结果，这是SPS，RHIC和LHC实验的碰撞中心和能量的函数。此外，我们建议绘制ETA-PHI平面中的温度波动，以探测温度和能量密度的局部波动。
Heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies probe matter at extreme conditions of temperatures and energy densities. The study of event-by-event fluctuations of experimental observables is crucial to probe the QCD phase transition, locate the critical point, and learn about the associated critical phenomena. At the critical point, all thermodynamic quantities behave anomalously. Fluctuation measurements provide access to thermodynamic response functions. We discuss the methods for obtaining the isothermal compressibility using particle multiplicity fluctuation, and specific heat using fluctuations in mean transverse momentum, temperature, and energy. Lattice QCD calculations have predicted non-monotonic behavior in the higher-order cumulants of conserved quantities at the critical point. Fluctuations in the multiplicity of charged to neutral particles have been measured to understand the formation of domains of disoriented chiral condensates. We review the recent fluctuation results as a function of collision centrality and energy from experiments at SPS, RHIC, and LHC. In addition, we propose to map the temperature fluctuations in eta-phi plane to probe local fluctuations of temperature and energy density.
