论文标题
快速,$ b_1 $ - 不敏感的双波段准绝热饱和转移,具有最佳控制,以完全量化心肌ATP通量
Rapid, $B_1$-insensitive, dual-band quasi-adiabatic saturation transfer with optimal control for complete quantification of myocardial ATP flux
论文作者
论文摘要
目的:磷饱和转移实验可以无创地量化代谢通量。通常,通过观察$γ$ -atp饱和后磷酸蛋白酶(PCR)的减少来研究通过肌酸激酶反应的正向通量。目前,ATP总利用的量化量不足,因为它需要同时饱和无机磷酸盐(PI)和PCR。这很具有挑战性,因为当前可用的饱和脉冲减少了已经低的$γ$ -ATP信号。 方法:使用混合型最佳控制和shinnar-le-loux方法,设计了用于PCR和PI双重饱和的准绝热RF脉冲,以确定总ATP利用率。与常规的硬骨丹特饱和序列相比,在Bloch方程模拟中评估了脉冲,然后在11.7 Tesla的灌注大鼠心脏中施用。 结果:准绝热脉冲对$ b_1 $的$> 2.5 $倍变化不敏感,可产生同等饱和度,降低了交付的脉冲功率53%,减少了33倍的溢出,最低有效$ b_1 $。这使得在灌注大鼠心脏中,可以在30-45分钟内完全量化ATP的合成和降解通量。虽然净合成通量($ 4.24 \ pm0.8 $ mm/s,SEM)与降解通量($ 6.88 \ pm2 $ mm/s,$ p = 0.06 $)并没有显着差异,并且这两种度量与先前的工作一致,但非线性错误分析在pi-at-atpp a的不确定性上不确定,这可能会在PI-ATP测量中解释了一个可能的建议。 结论:这项工作证明了一种新型的准绝热双饱和RF脉冲,其性能明显改善,可用于测量体内心脏中的ATP转换。
Purpose: Phosphorus saturation-transfer experiments can quantify metabolic fluxes non-invasively. Typically, the forward flux through the creatine-kinase reaction is investigated by observing the decrease in phosphocreatine (PCr) after saturation of $γ$-ATP. The quantification of total ATP utilisation is currently under-explored, as it requires simultaneous saturation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and PCr. This is challenging, as currently available saturation pulses reduce the already-low $γ$-ATP signal present. Methods: Using a hybrid optimal-control and Shinnar-Le-Roux method, a quasi-adiabatic RF pulse was designed for the dual-saturation of PCr and Pi to enable determination of total ATP utilisation. The pulses were evaluated in Bloch equation simulations, compared with a conventional hard-cosine DANTE saturation sequence, before application to perfused rat hearts at 11.7 Tesla. Results: The quasi-adiabatic pulse was insensitive to a $>2.5$-fold variation in $B_1$, producing equivalent saturation with a 53% reduction in delivered pulse power and a 33-fold reduction in spillover at the minimum effective $B_1$. This enabled the complete quantification of the synthesis and degradation fluxes for ATP in 30-45 minutes in the perfused rat heart. While the net synthesis flux ($4.24\pm0.8$ mM/s, SEM) was not significantly different from degradation flux ($6.88\pm2$ mM/s, $p=0.06$) and both measures are consistent with prior work, nonlinear error analysis highlights uncertainties in the Pi-to-ATP measurement that may explain a trend suggesting a possible imbalance. Conclusion: This work demonstrates a novel quasi-adiabatic dual-saturation RF pulse with significantly improved performance that can be used to measure ATP turnover in the heart in vivo.