论文标题
从激光诱导的锗Ecton，真空火花和真空弧中排放带电荷的颗粒
Emission of charged particles from laser-induced germanium ecton, vacuum spark and vacuum arc
论文作者
论文摘要
以三极管构型研究了激光诱导的微探索在锗表面上的高度分辨的时间演化，以针对各种栅极电荷水平和阴极电流进行三极管构型。来自单个斑点的电子发射是用发光屏幕直接成像的，表明源的开头约为30 $^\ circ $。每脉冲的几个纳米龙的电子束在大约150 ns的时间间隔内直接提取到阳极，而无需真空裂解。发生故障时，观察到阈值间隙电位的弧行为发生了显着变化，大约1 kV，这暗示了依赖于单个位置的阴极掉落的两种不同的蒸发机制。因此，对于远高于阈值的电压，在前100-200 ns中观察到快速放电，其次是基本的等离子体振荡和从等离子体边界的每个脉冲的电子发射。此外，出现了锗离子簇的高效发射，证明了血浆中的稳定的两倍电子乘法，每脉冲的电荷低于阈值。
The highly resolved temporal evolution of laser-induced micro-explosions on a germanium surface is studied in a triode configuration for various gate charge levels and cathode currents. Electron emission from individual spots is directly imaged with a luminescence screen, showing that the opening angle of the source is about 30$^\circ$. Electron bunches of several nanocoulombs per pulse in a time interval of about 150 ns are directly extracted to the anode without vacuum breakdown in the cathodic gap. When breakdown occurs, a remarkable change in the arc behavior of a threshold gap potential of around 1 kV is observed, which hints at two different evaporation mechanisms that depend on the cathodic fall of an individual spot. Therefore, for voltages well above the threshold, a fast gate discharge is observed within the first 100-200 ns, followed by fundamental plasma oscillations and an electron emission of several $μ$C per pulse from the plasma boundary. Additionally, highly efficient emission of germanium ion clusters occurs, evidencing a stable two-fold electron multiplication in the plasma, with a charge of several $μ$C per pulse below the threshold.
