论文标题
悲伤的语法？音调关闭会影响儿童对情感价的看法
Sad syntax? Tonal closure Affects Children's Perception of Emotional Valence
论文作者
论文摘要
西方音乐在很大程度上受调的统治，这是一种准调节音乐连续性和闭合的准句法系统。融合措施已经确立了音调的心理现实，作为一种认知模式，为成人和儿童带来了明显的期望。但是，尽管色调期望与成年人的情绪有关，但对儿童的音调情感影响知之甚少。在这里，我们检查了儿童是否将闭合音调与情绪价值联系在一起，这种关联是否取决于年龄，以及他们如何与其他音乐维度相互作用。 52名7、11岁的儿童听取了和弦的进展，这意味着闭合，然后是探针音调。探针可以实现闭合（滋补剂），轻度违反（不稳定的唱式音符）或极其（不含关键注意）。每个闭合水平都使用三个音色（钢琴，吉他，木管乐器）和三个音高高度。刺激被描述为参与者是两个孩子之间的交流（和弦，探针）。参与者选择了两个表情符号之一，暗示表明积极或负面情绪，代表第二个孩子的反应。发现音调闭合的显着影响，与年龄，仪器或音高高度没有相互作用。结果表明，音调（一种非参考认知模式）会影响儿童早期，坚固和独立于基本音乐维度的音乐中的情感感知。
Western music is largely governed by tonality, a quasi syntactic system regulating musical continuity and closure. Converging measures have established the psychological reality of tonality as a cognitive schema raising distinct expectancy for both adults and children. However, while tonal expectations were associated with emotion in adults, little is known about the tonality emotional effects in children. Here we examine whether children associate levels of tonal closure with emotional valence, whether such associations are age dependent, and how they interact with other musical dimensions. 52 children, aged 7, 11, listened to chord progressions implying closure followed by a probe tone. Probes could realize closure (tonic note), violate it mildly (unstable diatonic note) or extremely (out of key note). Three timbres (piano, guitar, woodwinds) and three pitch heights were used for each closure level. Stimuli were described to participants as exchanges between two children (chords, probe). Participants chose one of two emojis, suggesting positive or negative emotions, as representing the 2nd child response. A significant effect of tonal closure was found, with no interactions with age, instrument, or pitch height. Results suggest that tonality, a non referential cognitive schema, affects children perception of emotion in music early, robustly and independently of basic musical dimensions.
