论文标题
在电网和Motter和LAI模型中停电的分布
Distribution of blackouts in the power grid and the Motter and Lai model
论文作者
论文摘要
Carreras，Dobson及其同事研究了有关实际网格中停电大小的经验数据，并使用直流电流近似通过计算机模拟对其进行了建模。他们发现，由此产生的停电大小作为权力法分布，并建议这是因为网格被驱动到自组织的临界状态。相比之下，最近的研究发现，级联反应是双峰的，就像在一阶相变中一样，导致了很小的停电或非常大的停电，吞没了系统的有限分数。在这里，我们调和两种方法，并研究停电的分布如何随模型参数而变化，包括公差标准和级联期间过载线的失败规则。此外，我们研究了Motter和LAI模型的相同问题，并找到相似的结果，这表明网络上流动的物理定律不如网络拓扑，过载条件和动态失败规则那么重要。
Carreras, Dobson and colleagues have studied empirical data on the sizes of the blackouts in real grids and modeled them by computer simulations using the direct current approximation. They have found that the resulting blackout sizes are distributed as a power law and suggested that this is because the grids are driven to the self-organized critical state. In contrast, more recent studies found that the distribution of cascades is bimodal as in a first order phase transition, resulting in either a very small blackout or a very large blackout, engulfing a finite fraction of the system. Here we reconcile the two approaches and investigate how the distribution of the blackouts change with model parameters, including the tolerance criteria and the dynamic rules of failure of the overloaded lines during the cascade. In addition, we study the same problem for the Motter and Lai model and find similar results, suggesting that the physical laws of flow on the network are not as important as network topology, overload conditions, and dynamic rules of failure.
