论文标题

超声测量钢中的应力未经校准:倾斜的剪切波身份

An ultrasonic measurement of stress in steel without calibration: the angled shear wave identity

论文作者

Li, Guo-Yang, Gower, Artur Lewis, Destrade, Michel

论文摘要

测量负载结构中的应力水平对于评估和监控其健康至关重要,并预测其剩余结构寿命的长度。但是,未受破坏的压力已被证明很具有挑战性。许多超声波方法能够准确地预测受控实验室环境中的平面应力,但在现实世界中努力在外部努力保持健壮。那是因为他们要么依靠事先了解材料常数(难以获取),要么需要为每个样品进行大量校准。在这里,我们提出了一种简单的超声波方法,可以直接评估平面内应力,而不知道任何物质常数。此方法仅需要测量两个角度剪切波的速度。它是基于一个不可压缩固体(例如软凝胶或组织)精确的公式,并且对于可压缩的“硬”固体(例如钢和其他金属)而言近似为true。我们使用有限元模拟对虚拟实验进行验证公式,并发现其表现出色的精度,较小的误差为1%。

Measuring stress levels in loaded structures is crucial to assess and monitor their health, and to predict the length of their remaining structural life. However, measuring stress non-destructively has proved quite challenging. Many ultrasonic methods are able to accurately predict in-plane stresses in a controlled laboratory environment, but struggle to be robust outside, in a real world setting. That is because they rely either on knowing beforehand the material constants (which are difficult to acquire) or they require significant calibration for each specimen. Here we present a simple ultrasonic method to evaluate the in-plane stress in situ directly, without knowing any material constants. This method only requires measuring the speed of two angled shear waves. It is based on a formula which is exact for incompressible solids, such as soft gels or tissues, and is approximately true for compressible "hard" solids, such as steel and other metals. We validate the formula against virtual experiments using Finite Element simulations, and find it displays excellent accuracy, with a small error of the order of 1%.

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